UNIVERSE

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• The Earth is at the centre of the Universe. Aristotle Claudius Ptolemy

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• The Sun is at the centre of the Universe. Copernicus Galileo Kepler

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• AU: is equal to the distance between the Earth and the Sun. 150 000 000 km. Distances between planets are expresed in UA

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• ly: is the distance that light travels in a year. Galactic dimensions are expresed in ly.

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• 3,26 años luz

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• Groups of stars, interstellar gas and dust. Contain trillions of stars. Form groups of galaxy clusters.

1. Local Group

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   • Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is in the Local Group
2. Contains...
   1. Nebulae

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      • Large clouds of dust and gas (hydrogen and helium). in outer space.
   2. Star Clusters

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      • Composed of lots of stars that are very close to each other.
3. Milky Way

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   • Contains hundred of billions of stars, including the sun. Diameter: 1000 000 yl
   1. Nucleus

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      • Central bulge Old stars
   2. Disk

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      • Spiral arms. Youngest stars Our Sun is in the Orion Arm
   3. Halo

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      • Composed  of isolated stars and globular clusters

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• Hydrogen and helium Nuclear Fusion

1. The Sun

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   • Diameter: 1 400 000 75% hydrogen 25% helium Surface 5500ºC Nucleus 15 000 000ºC Rotation anticlockwise 25/30 days
   1. Solar System
      1. Components
         1. Sun

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            • Medium-Sized star  G-Type Emits light
         2. Planets
            1. Features
               1. Mercury

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                  • Closet planet  to the Sun Craters Slow rotation (59 Earth days) Doesn't have an atmosphere Temperatures vary widely No satellites Your weight 0.37 ...
               2. Venus

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                  • =density and size than Earth Atmosphere: CO2, clouds of suphuric acid Highest surface temperature in the solar system. 1 day last more than a Earth year. No satellites. Your weight: 0.88 ...
               3. Earth

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                  • diameter
                  1. Movements
                     1. Revolution
                     2. Rotation
                  2. The Moon
                     1. Lunar Phases
                     2. Eclipses
                        1. Solar
                        2. Lunar
                     3. Tides
               4. Mars
               5. Jupiter
               6. Saturn
               7. Uranus
               8. Neptune
         3. Dwarf Planets
            1. Features
               1. Pluto

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                  • Smaller than the Moon Three satellites (Charon) Your weight: 00.6 times your weight on Earth
               2. Ceres

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                  • Smallest dwarf planet In the asteroid belt Your weight 0.027 ...
               3. Eris

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                  • Bigger than Pluto Discovered in 2005 The farthest away
         4. Satellites
         5. Comets

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            • Rocks, ice and dust
            1. Kuiper Belt

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               • Short period comets. Halley's comet
            2. Oort Cloud

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               • Long period comets
      2. Features

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         • The orbit of all planets around the Sun (except Pluto)is on the same plane. Year. anticlockwise translation Day: anticlockwise rotation (except Venus and Uranus)
2. Properties
   1. Brightness

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      • Depends on: distance energy released size
   2. Colour

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      • depends on the surface temperature

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• -Abiertos -Globulares