Rocks and Minerals

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Study flashcards for rocks and minerals
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Rocks the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans.
Rock Cycle The never ending cycle of the formation of rocks
Metamorphic A type of rock that is formed under heat and pressure
Foliated A type of metamorphic rock that has a smooth texture
Gneiss A type of foliated metamorphic rock that has lines in it
Schist A type of foliated metamorphic rock that is brown and has a smooth surface.
Slate A type of foliated, metamorphic rock that is smooth and black and is a heat and pressure result from shale.
Non- Foliated A type of metamorphic rock that has a rough surface
Marble A type of non-foliated metamorphic rock that is creamy white and has wavy lines. The one Mrs. H has has a cross on it.
Sedimentary A type of rock that is created by the composition and cementation of sediments
Clastic A type of sedimentary rock where the rocks are organic bits of minerals and glued together
Sandstone A type of clastic sedimentary rock that is reddish orange with lines through it.
Chemical A type of sedimentary rock that is formed when dissolved substance separate from the solution.
Organic A type of sedimentary rock that contains traces of living organisms
Coquina A type of organic sedimentary rock that contains sand and bits of shells in it.
Shale A type of organic sedimentary rock that contains the remains of organisms in it and has grey imprints on it.
Coal A type of organic sedimentary rock that is black and was once plant matter during the Jurassic age
Petrified Wood A type of organic sedimentary rock that looks like wood, but is stone like after several years.
Igneous A type of rock that is formed from the cooling of magma and has two types, extrusive and intrusive.
Extrusive A type of igneous rock that is formed by magma cooling very quickly
Obsidian A type of extrusive igneous rock that is black, has a glossy texture, and has ZERO crystals as a result of cooling too quickly.
Tiger Obsidian A type of obsidian that is extrusive igneous and has red marks drawn through it like a tiger.
Snowflake Obsidian A type of obsidian that is extrusive igneous that has white marks all over it.
Pumice A type of extrusive igneous rock that has holes all in it and is the only rock known to float on water and is used to rub dead skin off feet.
Scoria A type of extrusive igneous rock that
Geode A type of chemical sedimentary rock that is ugly on the outside but has a beautiful inside composed of crystals. Much like the ugly duckling.
Basalt A type of extrusive igneous rock that is hole filled (vesicular) and black. It is formed at the bottom of the ocean.
Intrusive A type of igneous rock that is formed very slowly and has crystals
Granite A type of intrusive igneous rock that has a phorphyritic texture with different sized crystals.
Minerals Naturally occurring inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition
Silicates Most common mineral group on Earth that has a silicon- oxygen combine to form a structure called silicon- oxygen tetrahedron.
Mica A silicate mineral that gas two types, biotite and muscovite and has fracture.
Biotite A type of silicate mica mineral that is black
Muscovite A type of silicate mica mineral that is brownish- white
Quartz A type of silicate mineral that has crystals and is white
Rose Quartz A type of quartz silicate mineral that is pink
Asbestos A type of silicate mineral that is white and has whisps on it
Talc A silicate mineral that is the softest on the Moh's hardness scale, is used in baby powder and makeup, and has a greenish hue to it.
Carbonates The second most common group for minerals. It contains carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements
Dolomite A type of carbonate mineral that has a yellowish color with crystals
Diamond A type of carbonate mineral that is a crystal and very valuable. Hint: Your dad may buy your mom this for her birthday
Graphite A type of carbonate mineral that is grey and soapy feeling. You use this to write
Oxides A mineral group that contains oxygen and one or more other metallic elements
Corundum A type of oxide mineral that contains rubies, sapphires.
Hematite A type of oxide mineral that has Sharp edges on it and is blue
Sulfates/ Sulfides A mineral group that contains sulfur and other elements
Galena A sulfate mineral that is grey and cubic
Pyrite A sulfate mineral that is gold colored and has cube shapes on it.
Halides A mineral group that contains a halogen ion plus one or more other elements. Group 7A on Periodic Table
Halite A halide mineral that is salt and cubic and white
Native Element A mineral group that exist in pure form.
Gold A native element mineral that is gold colored and karrotts describes its value.
Silver A native element mineral that is silver colored and valuable. Ag is its element symbol
Bismuth A native element mineral that can be grey or rainbow colored and has maze like texture
Copper A native element mineral that is grey with brownish on it. Used in pipes.
Sulfur A native element mineral that is yellow, can be in powder form, and needs to be in a container due to its smell
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