Flashcards
Geology- Structural
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Stress and StrainTensional Stress- Causes the rock to stretch. (Force from opposite sides)
Compressional Stress- squeezes and compresses the rock.
Confining stress- Stress that is equal from all directions.
Shear Stress- result in slippage. - 2Stress definitionStress is the motive force and is caused by tectonic activity, the response of rocks is called strain.
- 3Elastic deformationTemporary change to rocks position and shape, Elastic deformation allows the rock to return to its original shape and position.
- 4Elastic Limit/ yield pointbeyond this point the deformation that takes place is permanent, in either a ductile or plastic deformation.
- 5Ductile flow/plastic deformationRock deforms permanently
- 6Fracture pointPoint in which a fracture occurs
- 7TempratureAt high temperature molecules and their bonds can stretch and move, thus the material takes a more ductile state.
- 8Confining pressureHigh confining pressure means that minerals are less likely to fracture, because their is equal pressure from all sides. At low confining pressure the material will be brittle thus more likely to fracture.
- 9Strain RateAt high strain levels materials tend to fracture. At low stain levels atoms move more freely therefore are less likely to fracture
- 10Brittle rocks (competent rocks)Tend to be old or crystalline igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. They tend to fracture rather than flow.
- 11Ductile Rocks (Incompetent rocks)mainly argillaceous sedimentary rocks such as clays, shales ect.
These tend to deform rather than fracture. - 12Normal fault Also called dip slip faults/ extensional- tensional fault.
- 13Reverse Fault Also called Compressional faults
- 14Thrust faultA low angled reverse fault- less than 45%
- 15Strike Slip FaultNo downthrow side, only latral movement, produces a TARE/WRECH fault. Caused by shear force.
Sinistral- Left
Dextral- Right
Makes one half of a shear set - 16Anticline and Syncline
- 17SlickensidesScraping on the downthow side of normal faults.
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- Flashcards on Geology- Structural , created by holliebishop1996 on 05/03/2014.
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