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Karteikarten von shattering.illus, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von shattering.illus
vor fast 11 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Phineas Gage | man with iron rode through brain |
| physiological systems | the NS, cardiac S, musculoskeletal system |
| personality and physiology | different physiological traits create difference, indicate differences to psychological functioning |
| men w/ long index fingers | impulsive, thrill seeker, increased testosterone |
| women with a longer ring finger then index or middle | higher dominance |
| physiological personality psychologist | measure physical systems - heart rate, brain waves |
| theoretical bridge | researchers need to build connection b/w personality and biological dimensions in order to explain physiological concepts in personality |
| electrodes | placed on surface of participant's skin linked to polygraph, to measure physiological variables |
| telemetry | a process by w/h electrical signals are sent to participants to polygraph through radio waves instead by wires |
| 3 physiological measures | 1) electrodermal activity 2) cardiovascular 3) activity in brain |
| electrodermal or skin conductance | more water in the skin carries electrical signals makes it possible to measure ANS directly |
| Cardiovascular Activity | blood pressure: diastolis (resting pressure b/w pumps) + Systolic (max. pressure during pumps), heart rate: beats/ minute (BPM) |
| Cardiac reactivity | blood pressure raising above the average mean in an activity |
| Type A personality | Bhav pattern characterized by impatience, competitiveness, hostility, chronic cardiac reactivity |
| Brain Activity | EEG: measures regional brain activity can provide useful info. about patterns of activation of regions of brain associated w/ info-processing tasks |
| evoked potential techniques | participants given stimulus, EEG assesses responsiveness |
| personality neuroscience | use of fMRI, PET, frontal brain activation from positive images, sizes of various structures influence personality |
| biochemical measurements | blood: MAO regulating neurotransmitters, saliva: immune system+ cortisal |
| H.J. Eysenck, 1967 Biological Basis of Personality | introverts have higher levels of activity in ARAS: ascending reticular activating system |
| introverts, ARAS | higher resting arousal level of cortical higher, already at a heightened level of arousal |
| Optimal level of arousal Eysenck and Hebb | introverts and extroverts have specific individual levels of arousal |
| arousability | arousal response, not a baseline arousal level is diff. b/w introverted and extroversion |
| extroverts prefer | higher levels of stimulation than introverts |
| Jeffrey Gray reinforcement sensitivity theory | from research on animals a model of human personality based on BAS, BIS |
| BAS: Bhav activation system | responds to incentives, reward and regulates approach Bhav |
| BIS: BHav inhibition system | responds to punishment, frustration, uncertainty, avoidance Bhav |
| anxiety | BIS is responsible for personality dimension of anxiety |
| impulsivity | BAS is responsible for personality dimension of impulsivity, inability to inhibit responses |
| extroverts prefer what type of loudness when learning | 72 decibels |
| introverts prefer what type of loudness when learning | 55 decibels |
| Equivalence b/w Gray's & Eysenck's constructs | Extroversion = BAS Neuroticism = BIS |
| low BIS exhibits characteristics of: | little regard for safety, took risks, disregard for danger |
| high BIS characteristics: | panic attacks, anxiety disorders, high anxiety |
| extroverts have weak BIS meaning... | they find it harder to learn from punishment, instead learn better from reward |
| Sensation seeking | tendency to seek thrilling and exciting activities, takes risks, avoid boredom |
| sensory deprivation | being put into a small chamber where no light, sound, w/ minimal tactile sensations, for 12 hours |
| Hebb's theory of Optimal Arousal | ppl are motivated by optimal level of arousal, if they are under aroused, it is rewarding to become aroused, need to seek tension |
| Zuckerman's sensory deprivation | some people do badly at this task b/c they have a high need for sensation and arousal, Sensation-Seeking Scale |
| 4 Sensation-Seeking Scale | high or low in these categories: 1)Thrill and adventure seeking 2) Experience seeking 3) Disinhibition 4) Boredom susceptibility |
| comorbidity | 2 or more disorders simultaneously occur w/in same individual |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals in nerve cells responsible for transmission of nerve impulse from 1 cell to another |
| Monoamine oxidase MAO | responsible for maintaining proper levels of neuroTs, by breaking down other neuroTs, too little= shaking or nervous, too much= lethargic |
| high sensation seekers and MAO | low MAO levels, need to seek optimal levels of arousal, but having too little biochemical brakes in synapse |
| Dopamine | related to pleasure, functions as a reward system |
| Serotonin | role in depression, mood disorders, anxiety, SSRI`s block reuptake of serotonin; more S = dominance, and grooming; less S= anxiety+ aggression |
| norepinephrine | activates the SNS, flight or fight |
| 3 tridimensional personality model Cloninger`s | 3 personality traits are tied to 3 neuroTs 1)novelty seeking = dopamine 2) harm avoidance = serotonin metabolism 3) reward dependance = low levels of norepinephrine |
| DRD4 | type 4 dopamine receptor associated with heightened levels of novelty seeking |
| morningness-eveningness | the difference b/w a morning and evening person, difference in biological rhythms |
| circadian rhythms CRs | body temperature and endocrine system, temporal isolation design to study CRs- isolate the person in solitude to go to bed, eat, drink whenever they want |
| free running | no time cues to influence your Bhav/ biology: average- 24-25 hour, short as 16, long as 50 |
| electroencephalongraph EEG | records electrical activity |
| alpha wave | oscillates 8-12 times, calm and relaxed |
| frontal brain asymmetry | asymmetry in activity in left & right part of frontal Hemp. pleasant emo on left H w/ right emo on right H. |
| cortisal | stress hormone, prepares body for fight & flight |
| right side activation w/ eyes link to... | fear |
| left-sided brain activation w/ eyes has been correlated to... | positive emotions and reduced stress, ex. highest Tibetan monk |
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