Nucleic Acid

Frage	Antworten
Ribonucleic acid or ________ is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers, which plays a number of important roles in the processes of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins.	RNA
________ is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.	DNA
________ Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical blueprint for a protein product. Answer	Messenger
Two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a ________ pair.	Base
________s are the parts of RNA and DNA that may be involved in pairing. These include cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, xanthine and hypoxanthine.	Nitrogenous Bases (Nucleobase)
A ________ is a chemical compound that consists of 3 portions: a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.	Nucleotide
________ is a purine with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, as part of ATP, NAD, and FAD, and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA Answer	Adenine
________ triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer.	Adenosine
________ is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes	Chromatin
________s are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and playing a role in gene regulation.	Histone
________ is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In base-pairing it binds to cytosine through three hydrogen bonds.	Guanine
The pyrimidine ________ base pairs with adenine in RNA and is replaced by thymine in DNA	Uracil
________ is one of the four bases in the nucleic acid of DNA along with adenine, guanine, and cytosine. It always base-pairs with adenine.	Thymine
________ is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.	Cytosine
________ RNA is a small RNA chain that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.	transfer (tRNA)
________ RNA, a type of RNA synthesized in the nucleolus, is the central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells.	Ribosomal (rRNA)
________ is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.	Purine
________ is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring	Pyrimidine
________ is a nucleoside composed of adenine attached to a ribose moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond.	Adenosine
________s are glycosylamines made by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring.	nucleoside
________ is a property of double-stranded nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA as well as DNA:RNA duplexes in which base pairs occur between them characterized by non-covalent connections via hydrogen bonds.	Complementarity
________s are the fundamental repeating subunits of all eukaryotic chromatin. Each is made up of DNA and four pairs of proteins called histones.	Nucleosomesomes
________ is a nucleoside formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond.	Uridine
________ is a nucleoside that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond.	Cytidine
Cyclic adenosine ________ (cAMP or cyclic AMP) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes.	Monophosphate
________ in supramolecular chemistry refers to a stacked arrangement of aromatic molecules, which interact through aromatic interactions.	Stacking
________ is deoxyribonucleotide and is considered a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine.	deoxyadenosine
________ is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond.	Guanosine
Adenosine ________, also known as AMP, is the ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine.	monophosphate
________s are short sequences of nucleotides (RNA or DNA), typically with twenty or fewer bases.	Oligonucleotide
process by which double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid unwinds and separates into single-stranded strands through the breaking of hydrogen bonding between the bases.	Melting, Denaturation
If a DNA segment under twist strain were to be closed into a circle by joining its two ends and then it is allowed to move freely, the circular DNA would contort into new shape, such as a simple figure-eight. Such a contortion is called a ________. Answer	Supercoil
________ is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a right-handed double helix fairly similar to the more common and well-known _______ form, but with a shorter more compact helical structure.	A-DNA, B-DNA
________ is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern	Z-DNA
Nucleic acid sequences which are rich in guanine are capable of forming four-stranded structures called G-________es (Also known as G-tetrads or G4-DNA).	G-Quadruplex
How many hydrogen bonds are between cytosine and guanine	three
How many H bonds are between Adenine and Thymine	2
Which N-bases are the Purines	adenine and guanine
Which N-bases are the pyrimidines	cytisine and Thymine (and Uracil for RNA)

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