International Financial terms

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A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development	The Human Development Index (HDI)
HDI was conceptualised by?	Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq
The broadest quantitative measure of a nation's total economic activity. More specifically, GDP represents the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation's geographic borders over a specified period of time.	Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labour and property supplied by the citizens of a country. An economic statistic that includes GDP, plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments, minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.	Gross National Product (GNP)
The mean income of the people in an economic unit such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate (such as GDP or Gross national income) and dividing it by the total population	Per capita income or income per person
A sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase. As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service.	Inflation
What is deflation ?	In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). Inflation reduces the real value of money over time; conversely, deflation increases the real value of money – the currency of a national or regional economy.
What is PPP?	Theories that invoke purchasing power parity assume that in some circumstances (for example, as a long-run tendency) it would cost exactly the same number of, for example, US dollars to buy euros and then to use the proceeds to buy a market basket of goods as it would cost to use those dollars directly in purchasing the market basket of goods.
What is recession?	Recession is a business cycle contraction. It is a general slowdown in economic activity. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product), investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise.
Repo Rate	Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank of a country (RBI in case of India) lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds.
Gini Coefficient	The GINI coefficient (also known as the GINI index or GINI ratio) is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality. A measurement of the income distribution of a country's residents. This number, which ranges between 0 and 1 and is based on residents' net income, helps define the gap between the rich and the poor, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality.
Barrel of oil equivalent	The Barrel of Oil Equivalent (BOE) is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (42 U.S. gallons or 158.9873 litres) of crude oil. The BOE is used by oil and gas companies in their financial statements as a way of combining oil and natural gas reserves and production into a single measure, although this energy equivalence does not take into account the lower financial value of energy in the form of gas.
The S&P BSE SENSEX (S&P Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index), also-called the BSE 30 or simply the SENSEX, is a free-float market-weighted stock market index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange. The 30 component companies which are some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various industrial sectors of the Indian economy.	S&P BSE SENSEX
S&P BSE SENSEX is published since ________? regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India.	Published since 1 January 1986
________ is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India.	S&P BSE SENSEX
This allows one to buy more goods and services than before with the same amount of money.	Deflation
In Gini Coefficient 0 represents __________ and 1 represents _____________	0 - Perfect Equality 1- Perfect Inequality
Below Poverty Line	Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, India's central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line.
Fiscal deficit	Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government's expenditures and its revenues (excluding the money it's borrowed). A country's fiscal deficit is usually communicated as a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP).
FDI	A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country.
FDI limit on defence in India is limited to ____ % by the automatic route. Beyond that the approval of _______ is to be taken.	Automatic - 49% Government approval (Cabinet Committee for Security)
What is Foreign Exchange Reserve?	Foreign exchange reserves are reserve assets held by a central bank in foreign currencies, used to back liabilities on their own issued currency as well as to influence monetary policy
What is FTA?	A free-trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free trade agreement (FTA). Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers—import quotas and tariffs— and to increase trade of goods and services with each other. If people are also free to move between the countries, in addition to FTA, it would also be considered an open border
What is considered a second stage of economic integration.	If counties were to operate with an open border, where the citizens could freely travel to each other states.
SEZ	The term special economic zone (SEZ) is commonly used as a generic term to refer to any modern economic zone. In these zones business and trades laws differ from the rest of the country. Broadly, SEZs are located within a country's national borders.
BRIC	In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic developments

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