6757614
Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Lisza Neumeier, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Lisza Neumeier
vor etwa 8 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What is grammar? | System (rules, that we stick to when talking) in our mind • book (English grammar); written version • branch of linguistics |
| Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. |
| Morphology: | The study of the forms of words, in particular inflected forms. E.g. management: manage (morpheme), ment (morpheme). |
| Inflectional (flektiert) morphology | (attach suffixes for grammatical purposes; you don't get new word, just different form of same word; word formation) |
| Derivational (abgeleitet) morphology | about creation of new words eg. To be active (add suffix, turn into noun= activity); new entry in dict. |
| Morpheme: | A meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided & still have a meaning(e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming). |
| Description of language | grammar phonology lexicon |
| phonology | (deals with sound structure of language) (tells you category of word) |
| lexicon | (=vocabulary; words and idioms) |
| some grammarians merge grammar and lexicon | (they say that they're inseparable! -->Lexico- Grammar!) |
| How do (descriptive) grammarians discover the regularities of a language? | • Elicitation (interview) • Introspection • Corpus analysis (pl. Corpora) |
| collocation: | the statistical tendency of words to co-occur= word partnerships (eg. To deliver/give a speech; pitch black; bitter cold) |
| colligation: | occurrence of a lexical item with a grammatical pattern (eg. Dislike, avoid+ing-clause; decide, want + to-infinitive; typical + of-Prepositional Phrase) |
| Constituents | word or a string of words (=phrase) which syntactically behaves as a unit in a larger construction. |
| Immediate constituents | those that immediately make up a construction • on the table (prepositional phrase) (on=preposition; the tabe= noun phrase; also the table= immediate constituents of Noun Phrase) |
| hierarchical structure of sentences | • morpheme (smallest unit)>word>phrase>clause>sentence (biggest unit) |
| Constituency Test | Movement Substitution Sentence Fragment |
| parsing: | identifying and analyzing the grammatical structure of a sentence |
| relationship form vs. meaning? | no one to one relationship between form and meaning |
| Movement constituency test (3) | passivization: That book was written by my favorite author. It-cleft: It was my favorite author who wrote the book. Left-dislocation: My favorite author, he wrote that book. |
| grammaticalization | historical process whereby lexical items in the course of time acquire a new status as grammatical forms |
| Form vs. Meaning | Form: (here: all past tense) I talked to Jenny yesterday. (ed-form is used to locate past; temporal meaning) If you told her, she'd just laugh. (this could happen; hypothetical meaning) I hoped you could help me out a little. (social meaning) → No one-to-one relationship between form and meaning! |
| hierarchical structure of sentences | morpheme (smallest unit)>word>phrase>clause>sentence (biggest unit) |
| Determiner vs. Determinative | Determiner: syntactic function Determinative: syntactic class |
| where do determinatives only occur? | in Noun Phrases |
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