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Karteikarten von shattering.illus, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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| Frage | Antworten |
| emotions | 1. distinct subjective feelings, affects 2. accompanies bodily changes: heart rate, muscle tension, blood chemistry, facial/ bodily expression 3. action tendencies: increase certain Bhav |
| functional analysis | why emotions & expression whether increase fitness of individuals |
| emotional states | transitory, have a specific cause that typically originates outside person |
| emotional trait | a pattern of emotional reactions that a person consistently experiences across a variety of life situations |
| categorical approach | primary emotions describing hundreds of emotions, massive amounts of trait adjectives that cannot reduced in |
| Paul Ekmans list of emotions | disgust, joy, sadness, surprise, fear, anger |
| Idzard believes | emotions are based on motivational properties: fear |
| dimensional approach | gather data by having subjects rate themselves on emotions, using statistics to ID basis dimensional underlying |
| 4 dimensions of emotions: | defines how ppl experience and think about their emotions: 1. pleasant 2. unpleasant 3. high activation 4. low activation |
| content | specific kind of emotion that a person experience |
| style | way in w/h an emotion is experienced |
| eudaimonia | creation of life of meaning and purpose, as the route to happiness |
| happiness | examine how researchers measure it through questionnaires: purpose to life, ratio of positive emotions |
| happiness has to parts | 1. satisfaction 2. hedonic balance |
| positive illusion | viewing self as having positive, inflated characteristics as good, able desirable person appearing to contribute to emotional well-being |
| reciprocal causality | situation w/ some outcome might be more complex, idea that causality can flow in both directions |
| Gender differences in happiness | 1. women more likely to be diagnosed w/ depression 2. men more likely to be alcoholics 3. equal proportions of sadness and happiness |
| ethnic diff. in happiness | 1. poor countries have less life satisfaction and happiness 2. lower political freedom and rights = decrease 3. population density/ homogeneity does not make a diff. |
| money and happiness | money does not make people happier |
| Costa, McCrae demographic, gender, age, ethnicity, income account for ... | 10-15 % of variation in happiness |
| personality happiness = | high extroversion, outgoing, social, emotionally stable, low neuroticism |
| Myers and Diener research into happiness | absence of health or wealth can bring misery, but presence is no guarantee tat happiness will follow |
| Costa & McCrae | extraversion: predicts positive emotions, neuroticism: predicts negative emotions |
| mood induction larsen | emotional manipulation through listening to guided images or viewing photos |
| negative mood induction | high neuroticism |
| positive mood induction | high extraversion: react more to money, reward, surrounding situations |
| Neuroticism | involves increased anxiety, depression, anger |
| Hans Eysenck, neuroticism | overreact to unpleasant events, frustrations, & problems |
| Eysenck limbic system theory | brain becomes to active, flight/ fight, 1. stability of neuroticism 2. can be found in many tests 3. high heritability |
| anterior cingulate | center of brain, evolution of NS, higher amounts of brain tissue in certain parts of brain |
| increased activity in the right medial prefrontal cortex | inhibits emotional responses |
| information processing & neuroticism | 1. higher recall of negative/ unpleasant words 2. selective memory 3. link between illness and negative memories/ emotions 4. more physical symptoms 5. lower immune S. 6. higher attention to threats, high BIS |
| stroop effect | increased time it takes to name the color when a word is written in a different color then the name, giving the word less meaning, high-N will take more time and notice the negative word |
| depression 20% of US have at some point in life | traitlike dimension |
| diathesis-stress model | preexisting vulnerability, diathesis present in ppl who later become depressed: career failure, negative life event triggers depression |
| cognitive schema | way of seeing the world, way of processing information from the world. |
| cognitive triad | information from self, world, future: leads to overgeneralizing |
| cognitive distortions Beck's | arbitrary inferences, personalizing, catastrophizing |
| Aaron Beck self-fulfilling prophecy | person who believes they are a total failure also acts like one therefor creating condition |
| neurotransmitter theory of depression | emotional problem may be result of neuroTs imbalance at synapses of NS: NE, Sero, DOPA |
| antidepressants | prozac, zoloft, paxil (inhibit sero), & tofranil (sero+ NE balance) |
| hostility | tendency to repsond to everyday frustrations w/ anger & aggression, irritability, resentment by acting: rude, critical, antagonistic, uncooperative manner |
| 2 scientific questioning of hostility: | 1) how and why became hostile 2) examine consequences |
| 3 Consequences of hostility | 1) heart disease Type A personality 2) violent outbreak 3) prison rates |
| reasons why hostile | 1) decreased prefrontal activity 2) damage from abuse, accidents, drugs lowering self-control 3) high brain abnormalities 4) damage temporal lobe 5) high BIS, low BAS |
| affect intensity | description of persons who are either high/ low on this dimension |
| high affective intensity | ppl who experience intense emotions |
| low affect intensity | typically experience emotions mildly with gradual fluctuations and minor reactions, calm and stable |
| high affect intensity leads to | higher sickness, mood fluctations |
| affect intensity measure: AIM | measures mood and emotion |
| mood variability | frequent fluctuations of emotions over lifetime |
| Larsen, diener personality affective intensity | higher in ppl with high sociability, and arousability, more vigor |
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