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alexander carvajal
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Mind Map on Traslation, created by alexander carvajal on 11/23/2017.

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alexander carvajal
Created by alexander carvajal over 7 years ago
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Traslation

TraslationProceduresStrategieSMethodsAnalysis of the source andtarget languagesStudy of the sourcelanguage beforemaking attemptstraslate it.Makingjudgements ofthe semanticsand syntacticaproximationsKrings (1986:18)"translator's potentiallyconscious plans forsolving concretetranslation problems inthe framework of aconcrete translationtask,"Seguinot (1989)there arethree global strategiesemployed by the translators:1.Translating withoutinterruption for as long aspossible; 2.Correctingsurface errors immediately;3.Leaving the monitoring forqualitative or stylistic errorsin the text to the revisionstage.Loescher (1991:8) "apotentially consciousprocedure for solving aa problem faced intranslating a text, orany segment of it."Venuti (1998:240)"involve the basictasks of choosing theforeign text to betranslated anddeveloping a method totranslate it."Jaaskelainen (1999:71) "aseries of competencies,a set of steps orprocesses that favor theacquisition, storage,and/or utilization ofinformation."There are somestrategies relate towhat happens to texts,while other strategiesrelate to what happensin the process.Product-related strategies involves thebasic tasks of choosing the text anddeveloping a method to translate it.Process-related strategies are a set ofrules or principles which a translatoruses to reach the goals determined bythe translating situation"There are two tipes of product relatedstrategies: global strategies and localstrategies: "global strategies refer togeneral principles and modes of actionand local strategies refer to specificactivities in relation to the translator'sproblem-solving anddecision-making."Newmark (1988b) the differencebetween translation methods andtranslation procedures, whiletranslation methods relate towhole texts, translationprocedures are used forsentences and the smaller unitsof language.Word-for-word : translation:in which the SL word orderis preserved and thewords translated singly bytheir most commonmeanings, out of context.Literal translation: inwhich the SL grammaticalconstructions areconverted to their nearestTL equivalents, but thelexical words are againtranslated singly, out ofcontext.Faithful translation: itattempts to produce theprecise contextualmeaning of the originalwithin the constraints ofthe TL grammaticalstructures.Semantic translation: itmust take more accountof the aesthetic value ofthe SL text.Adaptation: which is thefreest form of translation,and is used mainly forplays and poetry; thethemes, characters, plotsare usually preserved, theSL culture is converted tothe TL culture and thetext is rewritten.Free translation: itproduces the TL textwithout the style, form, orcontent of the original.Idiomatic translation: itreproduces the 'message'of the original but tends todistort nuances ofmeaning by preferringcolloquialisms andidioms where these donot exist in the original.Communicative translation: itattempts to render the exactcontextual meaning of theoriginal in such a way thatboth content and languageare readily acceptable andcomprehensible to thereadershipProcedures of translating culture-specific concepts(CSCs)Making up a newword.Explaining the meaning of theSL expression in lieu oftranslating it.Preserving the SL termintact.Opting for a word in the TL whichseems similar to or has thesame "relevance" as the SLterm.Transference: it is the process of transferring anSL word to a TL text. It includes transliterationNaturalization: it adapts the SL word first to thenormal pronunciation, then to the normalmorphology of the TL.Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a culturalword in the SL with a TL one.Functional equivalent: itrequires the use of aculture-neutral wordDefiniition:Descriptive equivalent: in thisprocedure the meaning of the CBT(culture-bound terms which refer toconcepts, institutions andpersonnel which are specific to theSL culture ) is explained in severalwords.Componential analysis: compares anSL word with a TL word which has asimilar meaning but is not an obviousone-to-one equivalent, bydemonstrating first their common andthen their differing sensecomponents."Synonymy: it is a "near TL equivalent.Through-translation: it is the literaltranslation of common collocations,names of organizations and componentsof compounds. It can also be called:calque or loan translation.Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change inthe grammar from SL to TL, for instance, change from singular to plural, the changerequired when a specific SL structure does notexist in the TL, change of an SL verb to a TLword, change of an SL noun group to a TLnoun and so forth.Modulation: it occurs when thetranslator reproduces themessage of the original text inthe TL text in conformity with thecurrent norms of the TL, since theSL and the TL may appeardissimilar in terms of perspective.Recognized translation: itoccurs when the translatornormally uses the official orthe generally acceptedtranslation of anyinstitutional term.Compensation: it occurs whenloss of meaning in one part of asentence is compensated inanother part.Paraphrase: in this procedure themeaning of the CBT is explained.Here the explanation is much moredetailed than that of descriptiveequivalent.Double click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node