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| Question | Answer |
| What factors affect enzyme activity? | Temperature pH Enzyme concentration Substrate concentration |
| How does temperature affect enzyme activity? | More heat = more kinetic energy Molecules move faster, increasing the frequency of successful collisions (substrates are more likely to collide with active sites) Every enzyme has an optimum temperature |
| What happens if the temperature gets too high? | The enzyme's bonds may break, changing the shape of the active site and the enzyme denatures |
| How does pH affect enzyme activity? | Above and below the optimum pH, the H⁺ and OH⁻ ions can break the ionic and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzyme's tertiary structure in place. This makes the active site change shape and the enzyme denatures |
| How does enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity? | The more enzyme molecules, the more likely a substrate is to collide, forming enzyme-substrate complexes |
| What happens if the substrate concentration is a limiting factor? | There comes a point when there are more than enough enzymes, so adding more enzymes has no further effect |
| How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity? | The frequency of successful collisions increases, so more active sites are occupied and more enzyme-substrate complexes will form, until a saturation point |
| What happens when enzyme concentration becomes a limiting factor? | There are not enough active sites as they are all full |
| What happens to substrate concentration over time and how does this affect enzyme activity? | Substrate concentration decreases with time, and so the rate of reaction will decrease over time too. Therefore, the initial rate of reaction is the highest rate of reaction |
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