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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the pathway of water from the root hair cells to the xylem | Water enters through root hair cells and then passes through the root cortex, including endodermis, to reach the xylem |
| What are the two pathways through the root? |
Symplast pathway
Apoplast pathway
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| Describe the symplast pathway | Goes through the living parts of cells (cytoplasm) Water moves through plasmodesmata via osmosis |
| Describe the apoplast pathway | Goes through non-living parts of cells (cell walls) Walls are very absorbent and H₂O can diffuse through them When H₂O gets to the endodermis cells, its path is blocked by the casparian strip The H₂O has to then go through a plasma membrane which control the kind of substances that pass through |
| Describe the pathway of water through the leaves | At the leaves, water leaves the xylem and moves into cells by the apoplast pathway. Water evaporate into the air spaces and diffuses out of the leaf through the stomata - this is transpiration |
| What is the transpiration stream? | The movement of water from roots to leaves |
| How does cohesion and tension help the movement of water up the plant? | Water transpires out, creating a tension which pulls more water into the leaf Cohesive properties mean water moves as a whole column |
| How does adhesion help the movement of water up the plant? | H₂O is attracted to the walls of the xylem This is called capillary action |
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