Classification Basics

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A level Biology (4.2.2 Classification and Evolution) Flashcards on Classification Basics, created by Yinka F on 07/02/2018.
Yinka F
Flashcards by Yinka F, updated more than 1 year ago
Yinka F
Created by Yinka F over 6 years ago
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Question Answer
What is classification? Classification is the act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences
What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the study of classification
TRUE OR FALSE: All types of classification systems involve placing organisms into groups in a taxonomic hierarchy TRUE
Name the 8 levels of taxonomic groups Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is the nomenclature used for classification? The binomial system - all organisms are given one internationally accepted scientific name in Latin that has two parts: The first part is the genus name and has a capital letter The second part is the species name and begins with a lower case letter
TRUE OR FALSE: Names are always written in italics TRUE Or they are underlined if they are handwritten
What are the five kingdoms? Prokaryotae Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia
What are the characteristics of prokaryotae? Prokaryotic Unicellular No nucleus Less than 5µm E.g. bacteria
What are the characteristics of protoctista? Eukaryotic Usually live in water Single-celled or simple multicellular E.g. algae, protozoa
What are the characteristics of fungi? Eukaryotic Chitin cell wall Saprotrophic Single-celled or multicellular E.g. moulds, yeasts, mushrooms
TRUE OR FALSE: Fungi can absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms TRUE Saprotrophic = absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms
What are the characteristics of plantae? Eukaryotic Multicellular Cell walls made of cellulose Photosynthesises Contain chlorophyll Autotrophic E.g. mosses, ferns, flowering plants
What are the characteristics of animalia? Eukaryotic Multicellular No cell walls Heterotrophic E.g. nematodes (roundworms), molluscs, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
What is phylogeny? The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms. It tells us who is related to whole and how closely related they are
What is this? A phylogenetic tree
Complete the sentences: According to phylogenetics, a species is the smallest group that shares a common ___________ - in other words, the _____ of a branch on a phylogenetic tree. Classification systems now take into account ___________ when arranging organisms into groups. Classifying organisms in this way is known as ________. According to phylogenetics, a species is the smallest group that shares a common ANCESTOR - in other words, the END of a branch on a phylogenetic tree. Classification systems now take into account PHYLOGENY when arranging organisms into groups. Classifying organisms in this way is known as CLADISTICS.
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