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Description
Flashcards by Samantha.Grace, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Samantha.Grace
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Biological Contemporary Approaches | Anatomy of Central Nervous System Biochemistry (hormones + neurotransmitters) Genes Evolution |
| Main Researcher (biological) and what they believed | Eysenck Believed genetics most important fact of Personality Personality traits heirarchical Few basic traits form other more superficial traits. Genetically determined differences in physiological functioning make some people more vulnerable to behavioral conditioning. Example of his theories: Eysenck argued that introverts had high cortical arousal, leading them to avoid stimulation. |
| Genes | Genetic make up of a person causes the development of their personality. Proof: Twin Studies Innate personality traits (traits exhibited at young age) Cattell and Eysenck Previous studies show that genes account for at most 50 percent of a given trait. Also increase risk of personality disorders |
| Anatomy of Central Nervous System | Shape (?) of central nervous system causes certain personality traits. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. (Eysenck introvert-extrovert example) Eysenck argued that introverts had high cortical arousal, leading them to avoid stimulation. On the other hand, Eysenck believed extroverts had low cortical arousal, causing them to seek out stimulating experiences. |
| Evolution | Evolutionary theorists explain personality in terms of its adaptive value. Personality differences are based on natural selection. Personality traits are due to it being evolutionarily beneficial to have them. Personality viewed through the lens of evolutionary psychology places a great deal of emphasis on specific traits that are most likely to aid in survival and reproduction, such as conscientiousness, sociability, emotional stability, and dominance. Example: People are kind as it is evolutionarily beneficial to be kind and get along with humans. |
| Biochemistry | (Copy and Pasted- it worded it better than me) The biology-based personality theories are based on correlating personality traits with behavioral systems related to motivation, reward, and punishment. On a broad level, this involves the autonomic nervous system, fear-processing circuits in the amygdala, the reward pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. All of these circuits heavily rely on neurotransmitters and their precursors, but there has been the most research support for dopamine and serotonin pathways: Dopamine: Dopamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter that has been found to promote exploratory behavior. Dopaminergic pathways have been specifically correlated with the extraversion trait of the Five Factor Model of Personality. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme has a preferential affinity for dopamine, and is correlated with sensation seeking. Serotonin: Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter, and has been found to promote avoidance behavior through inhibitory pathways. Specifically, serotonin has been associated with Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (traits defined by the Five Factor Model of Personality.) |
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