13033495
Description
Flashcards by Emma Lloyd, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Lloyd
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three proposed mechanisms of change? | Special creation, Lamarck and Darwin |
| Lamarck's theory: | - Changes in the environment give changes in the use of an organ - A characteristic is acquired - changes are inherited (Inheritance of acquired characteristics) |
| Classic example of Lamarck's theory? | Giraffe's. He suggested they used to have short necks but kept having to strain for higher up food so offspring had longer necks and so on. |
| Summary of Lamarck? | - Predicts gradual change - Needs a long period of time - Driven by the environment - Change is NOT due to chance - internal desire to improve - increase in complexity |
| Darwin's theory of evolution: | - mutation causes change and if it is a helpful mutation the organism survives longer and passes genes on better - change IS due to chance |
| Where did Darwin study? | Started in Shrewsbury, then to Edinburgh, then Cambridge, then London and lived the rest of his life in the Down House. |
| Who were Darwin's grandfathers? | Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgewood who were both members of the Lunar society |
| What did Darwin do at Edinburgh? | - He was a failed medic -He collected beetles -Learned Geology (the kind that Lyell published) - Learned taxidermy - Attended a variety of lectures |
| What did Darwin do after Edinburgh? | He became a clergyman and followed a new religious dogma |
| How did Darwin begin travelling? | He took part in the Voyage of the Beagle. He eventually became the captain's naturalist. |
| What did Darwin learn on the Beagle? | - Succession of types (decent with modification) - Representative types - variation and geographical isolation - Huge amount of continuous variation - Ocean islands have migrations and common descent |
| What did Darwin look into when he returned from Voyages? | Sequence of fossils, rudimentary organs, comparative anatomy, embryology, agriculture, new explorations and Malthus |
| What findings did Malthus publish? | - Overproduction of young - Rising population outstrips resources - Lower classes are 'irresponsible' He thought the solution was to regulate family size of lower class people to stop them producing more children they can't support |
| What did Wallace do? | He too came up with the idea of Natural Selection and was going to publish a paper on it before Darwin. The only difference in their beliefs was that Wallace didn't believe that man was the result of natural selection. They published a joint paper on the topic in the end |
| What did Huxley do in birmingham? | He was known as Darwin's bulldog and he popularised the theory of Natural selection by countering Wilberforce and Owen |
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