1546518
Description
Flashcards by Marjorie P, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Marjorie P
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name the Muscles of Facial Expression | Platysma Levator nasolabialis Obicularis oris Obicularis occuli Buccinator Rostral, Caudal Auricular |
| Muscles of mastication | Digastricus Pterygoid Temporalis Masseter |
| Name the muscles responsible for opening and closing the larynx | Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis opens Cricoarytenoideus lateralis closes |
| Name the inneravations of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis | Caudal laryngeal nerve from recurrent laryngeal nerve from accessory nerve |
| Describe the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle | Cranial laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve |
| What is the function of the larynx? | Protect trachea against food aspiration Aids in breathing and phonation |
| What is a cough? | The build up of air behind the glottis which is released rapidly. It is to help drive out particulates form the trachea |
| Describe the action of swallowing | 1. Larynx comes forward 2. Epiglottis is deflected caudally 3. glottis closes 4. inspiration inhibited |
| Describe the location of the epiglottis in equids | As obligate nasal breathers the epiglottis must sit dorsal to the soft palate unless swallowing |
| What is different about the arytenoid cartilage in the cat? | There is no cuneiform or corniculate process in this species |
| How do cats purr? | Via rapid widening and narrowing of the glottis via fast twitch muscles |
| What side is typically associated with laryngeal paralysis? | Left side |
| Describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve | 1. Branch of Accessory 2. Travels along lateral aspect of trachea 3.turns @ Aortic arch on L or R subclavian a 4. picks up some vagus fibers 5. comes back along lateral aspect of trachea |
| Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause... | Decreased innervation to the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis resulting in lack of abduction of the arytenoid cartilages during inhalation |
| Describe laryngeal hemiplagia and symptoms | hemiplagia- only one side damaged increased respiratory sounds, effort to inhale, exercise intolerance...all due to a narrowed opening of the respiratory tract |
| Which muscle pulls the tongue and larynx caudally? | The sternothyroideus m. has this action on the tongue and larynx |
| the sternocephalicus mus has this action on the head | this muscle draws the head from side to side |
| T/F: A horse has brachydont teeth | False: A horse has hypsodont teeth |
| What is the dental formula for a dog? | 3-1-4-2/3-1-4-3 |
| What is the dental formula for a cat? | 3-1-3-1-/3-1-2-1 |
| Point to the 3rd quadrant of your mouth based on the triadan system | Should be pointing to your bottom Left |
| Which are the only teeth in the K9 to have 3 roots? | Upper P4, M1, M2 have how many roots? |
| Which arteries should you watch out for especially during dentals and tooth extractions on the upper arcade? | Palatine a. and even infraorbital |
| The lingual artery runs with which cranial nerve? | Cranial nerve XII runs with which major artery? |
| Describe a retrobulbar abscess | when the animal opens its mouth it experiences pain due to the temporalis pushing against the periorbita |
| Where should the periorbita drain? | Caudal to the last molar is where this drains into |
| The vertical ear canal is associated with which cartilage(s)? | Auricular cartilage |
| The horizontal ear canal is associated with which cartilage(s)? | Auricular and Annular Cartilages |
| This is located at the junction of the auricular cartilage and the external acoustic meatus | The tympanic membrane is located at the junction of (blank) and (blank) |
| Where are the molar salivary glands located? | In cats only, these glands are located on the lingual surface of 308 and 408 |
| Describe a sialocele and which gland is most often affected | The parotid gland is most likely to be damaged or blocked causing this problem |
| Define Miosis | Constriction of the pupil |
| Define mydriasis | Dilation of the pupil |
| CN III has which neural properties associated with it? | Parasympathetic properties because it leads to pupil constriction (miosis) |
| Which ligaments must be cut during an enucleation? | Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments (FYI, Medial is more developed and tougher) |
| How many total teeth do dogs and cats have? | Dogs 42 Cats 30 |
| Which meatus is preferred for GI tubing in the equine? | Ventral |
| What is the fundus? | The back portion of the eye that can be examined |
| What is the philtrum? | the 'line' that divides lip and nose |
| Which bone(s) make(s) up the hard palate? | Incisive, Maxilla, and Palatine |
| Between conical, vallate, fungiform, and filiform papillae, which one(s) is/are responsible for taste? | Vallate, fungiform, and filiform papillae are all associated with taste |
| Which muscle retracts and elevates the tongue? | Styloglossus m has this action on the tongue |
| Which muscle retracts and depresses the tongue? | The hyoglossus m has this action on the tongue |
| Which muscle protrudes the tongue? | The genioglossus m has this action on the tongue |
| What structure(s) notes the beginning of the opening of the oropharynx? | The palatoglossal arches |
| Where does the oropharynx start and end? | starts at the palatoglossal arch and continues until the base of the epiglottis |
| The palatopharyngeal arches connects which 2 structures? | This structure connects the soft palate to the nasopharynx |
| What are the choanae in relation to the pharynx? | These are the openings of the left and right nasal cavities into the nasopharynx |
| What are the 'borders' of the laryngopharynx? | it is dorsal to the larynx and starts from the palatopharyngeal arches and extends to the beginning of the esophagus |
| What are the muscles associated with the pharynx? | From rostral to caudal: Hyopharyngeus Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus |
| In order from rostral to caudal, what are the 4 cartilaginous structures of the larynx? | Epiglottis thyroid arytenoid cricoid |
| What are the actions of the thyroarytenoidus m? | relaxes vocal folds and constricts glottis |
| What's the difference between the glottis and the rima glottis? | The glottis is like the door frame (vocal folds, processes of arytenoid cartilages) and the rima glottis is the actual space or 'doorway' |
| What is the significance of the hyoid apparatus? | It supports the larynx and the tongue |
| What is significant about the ethmoidal labyrinth? | This is where smell is detected and the signal is sent to the brain |
| Which lymph node(s) typically straddle the linguofacial vein? | The mandibular lymph node typically straddles this vessel |
| The palatine tonsil is associated with which structure(s)? | oropharynx, palatoglossal arch and semilunar folds withing the oral cavity |
| Where can you find the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in a dog? | You can find this structure between the wing of the atlas and the larynx |
| The parotid lymph node drains which part of the face? | this lymph node is responsible for draining the top part of the face (eye level and above) in the dog |
| This lymph node drains pretty much the rest of the head below eye level | Mandibular lymph node |
| This lymph node drains mostly the side of the face | medial and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes |
| Where is the thyroid gland located? | this gland is located lateral to the trachea and caudal to the larynx |
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