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Description
Flashcards by megan.radcliffe16, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by megan.radcliffe16
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the purpose of Mitosis? | Produces somatic cells |
| How many divisions are there in mitosis? | One |
| What is the product from Mitosis? | One to two daughter cells Identical to each other and the mother cell. |
| What is the purpose of Meiosis? | Produces reproductive cells |
| What is the process of Meiosis? | Reduction division |
| What is the product of Meiosis? | One to four cells Daughter cells different |
| Define Diploid | two sets of each chromosomes |
| Define Haploid | A single set of chromosomes |
| What are the functions of mitosis? | 1. Growth of organism 2. Cell replacement 3. Regeneration 4. Asexual reproduction 5. Maintains genetic stability |
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? | Interpahse (G1 phase-> S phase-> G2 phase)-> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis. |
| What are the stages of mitosis? | 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase |
| What occurs in the G1 phase? | 1. synthesis of organelles and cell components 2. Protein synthesis 3. Respiration rates high 4. Cell increases volume |
| What occurs in the S phase? | 1. DNA replicates 2. Synthesis of histone proteins 3. Each chromosome becomes a pair of chromatids |
| What occurs in the G2 phase? | 1. Chloroplasts and mitochondria a increase in number 2. High rates of respiration and protein synthesis 3. Centrioles duplicate |
| What is cell cycle replication? | The chromosomes are proof read by enzymes to check that the copying is properly. If not mutations occur, |
| What happens in Prophase? | Chromosomes condense. Centrioles move to opposite poles Microtubules from spindle Nuclear envelope and nucleolus is broken down. |
| What happens in Metaphase? | Chromosomes migrate to the equator of cell Chromosomes attached centromere to spindle fibres at equator of spindle. |
| What happens in Anaphase? | Centromere divides and pairs of chromatids separate and are pulled to oposite poles. chromatids becomes chromosomes. |
| What happens in Telophase? | Chromosomes uncoil and lengthen Spindle microtubules are broken down and used in cytoskeleton Nucleus, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform. |
| What happens in Cytokinesis? | Cytoplasm divides Microtubules constrict cell into two. |
| How does cell division occur in yeast by budding? | 1. A swelling occurs in the cell wall 2. nucleus divides by mitosis 3. one of the nuclei plus cytoplasm moves into bud 4. Bud separates to form new cell |
| What kind of reproduction takes place in yeast cells? | Asexual reproduction |
| Define Tissue. | A group of often similar cells working together that perform a particular function. |
| Define Stem Cell | Cells that have not differentiated and are able to divide by mitosis to form specialised types of cells. |
| Define Differentiation. | the process of a less specialised cell develops to have particular function. |
| What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue in animal cells? | 1. Cells are packed in one or more layers. 2. Specialised 3. Endothelium- occurs on inside of blood vessels. 4. Separated from underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue. 5. Has protective or secretory function. |
| What are the characteristics of Squamous epithelium? | 1. Thin, flat plates 2. Ideal diffusion surface 3. Used for lining of cavities |
| What are the characteristics of Ciliated Columnar epithelium? | 1. Cilia are exposed on their surface. 2. Cilia - capable of rapid, rhythmic wavelike beatings 3. used to waft materials along the surfaces. |
| What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue? | 1. Protection 2. Secretion 3. absorption 4. Diffusion/ Gas exchange 5. Reduces friction |
| Define Organ | A combination of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. |
| Define Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. |
| What kind of tissue are Xylem and Phloem? | Vascular Tissue. |
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