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Description
Flashcards by Aafreen Butt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aafreen Butt
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| neutralisation reaction | base + acid = neutral liquid |
| displacement reaction | when a stronger element displaces a weaker one |
| combustion reaction | burning something in oxygen |
| metal + acid reaction | always results in hydrogen and a salt |
| thermal decomposition reaction | breaking something down with heat |
| precipitation reaction | when a solid forms in a liquid |
| reactants | the substances before they react to each other |
| products | the substances produced after the reaction |
| balanced equation | an equation with an equal amount of substances on both sides of the arrow |
| state symbols | used to represent states of matter s = solid l = liquid g = gas aq = aqueous |
| element | made up of atoms of one type (hydrogen) |
| compound | contains two or more different atoms chemically bonded together (carob dioxide) |
| mixture | contains 2 or more substances mixed together (sand and water) |
| atom | smallest particle that can exist on its own |
| molecule | a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together |
| isotopes | different atomic forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| relative atomic mass | the average mass of all atoms of that element |
| relative abundance | the proportion of one isotope in an element |
| endothermic | energy is transferred from surroundings to reactants. reactants become colder |
| exothermic | energy transferred from reactants to surroundings. reactants become hotter |
| isomer | isomers have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement |
| alkene | unsaturated hydrocarbons with one double bond |
| activation energy | the minimum energy needed to start a reaction |
| catalyst | provide an alternate reaction pathway, speeds up the rate of reaction without changing the contents or itself, lowers the activation energy |
| hydrocarbon | compound made up of only hydrogen and carbon |
| homologous series | a group of organic chemical compounds that have similar structure, listed in order of size |
| viscosity | quantity that describes a fluids resistance to flow |
| volatile | evaporates rapidly |
| complete combustion | when a fuel burns in air and makes carbon dioxide and water |
| incomplete combustion | when oxygen supply is poor so methane and soot (carbon) is produced |
| cracking | the breaking up of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful compounds |
| crude oil | a mixture of hydrocarbons made up of living things and burned to give energy (fossil fuel) |
| fractional distillation | the process of separating constituents of a liquid mixture by heating it and condensing separately the components according to their boiling points |
| independent variable | the part of a reaction that you change |
| dependent variable | the part of a reaction that you measure |
| control variable | the things you keep the same to make it a fair test |
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