17869650
| Question | Answer |
| Characteristics contributing to place identity | physical geography (altitude, drainage, geology) demography (number of inhabitats, age, gender, ethnicity) socio-economic factors (emplyment types, education) cultural factors (religion, traditions) political factors (governance at local, regional and national level) built environment (age and style of buildings, building materials) history (landmarks, historical buildings) |
| CASE STUDY | 2 contracting place profiles |
| LYMPSTONE | Small settlement east bank of river Exe estuary 15km south of Exeter |
| Natural characteristics | occupies small valley throigh the red breccia cliffs which mark the edge of the Exe estuary extensive tidal mudflats 1.5km wide small beach of pebbles |
| Demographic face | nearly 1,800 inhabitants top-heavy age structure 25% >65 pop density 16.6 (persons per hectare) West Country relatively homogeneous ethnically, even Exeter not large ethnic diversity (dominated by agriculture and tourism so provided few job opportunities for immigrants 1960s+70s) - now beginning to change with 2nd and 3rd generation migrants |
| Socio-economic profile | factors from census (not directly income) owner occupiers 66% people with bad health 4% 16+ with no formal qualifications 14% no car 13% rent from social landlord 12% |
| Cultural face | long-established, based on Christian year |
| Political characteristics | parish council (11 elected) - focused on local matters e.g. community facilities, planning applications district council (East Devon -2 from L) county council (Devon - 1) parliamentary constituency east devon 1 MP local groups e.g. residents associations, protecting heritage |
| Built environment | former low-order shops converted into residences new housing constructed inc large houses cliff-top on village's periphery heart of village subject to strict planning rules |
| Past characteristics | established by saxons - connection with continent (Norman conquest - french) small port with coastal and cross-channel trading links 13thC shipbuilding thrived 19thC scale + containerisation - ceased fishing industry boats into north atlantic tourism 1840s - wealthy families exeter + east devon expansion of built environment remained small village railway 1861 improved connectivity regionally and nationally time-space compression - shellfish industry access wider market travel easily to exeter main regional centre 20th century dormitory settlement exeter strong sense of community retained |
| Shifting flows of resources and ideas | shift in national economy towards services + growing knowledge economy positive effect over 1/3 employed residents managers, directors, senior officials or in profession occupations part of flow into Exeter region of employment in services and knowledge-based firms - Exeter growing tertiary employment (education sector uni 3000 staff, hospital, regional services and hi-tech headquarters) |
| TOXTETH | part of inner Liverpool 1.5km south of the city centre |
| Natural characteristics | undulating land rising up from banks of mersey fast-flowing through T as channel narrows passing into liverpool bay so little forshore |
| Demographic face | (liverpool pop 466,000) fewer elderly residents 76% 16-64 pop density 87.8 large industrial centre attracted migrants large influxes of Irish 19thC after ww2 employment and housing opportunities in inner cities (port links with many countries e.g. west africa) |
| Socio-economic profile | owner occupiers 24% rent from social landlord 34% bad health 9% 16+ no qualifications 27% 54% no car |
| Cultural face | major muslim festivals black african caribbean distinctive forms christian worship synagogue jewish |
| Political characteristics | part of Riverside ward - 1 councillor (1 of 30 in lpool) city council powers and duties similar to lympstones county council - education, regeneration, housing riverside parliamentary constituecy |
| Built environment | adapted by migrant communities e.g. mosques, changing use of buildings and construction |
| Past characteristics | saxons established coastal village 16/17thC farming, small-scale industry (water power) industrial revolution, lpool major port with many associated industries urban and industrial nature - forges, copper works, ceramics factory, flour milling growing pop river bank lined with docks, ship-building yards timer imported from scandinavia residential developments with industrial growth greenfield site - growing middle class to escape declining environment of inner city to north (commuters in manufacturing managerial jobs) increasing demands for space 19thC back-to-back cramped housing typhoid and cholera terraced housing families of dock and industry workers exodus middle class residents increased disposable income and urban improved transport (trams, suburban railways) - relocated to greenfield sites on edge of urban area over 150 years small rural community to inner city suburb in large metropolitan area growth due to trade connections nationally and internationally |
| Shifting flows of resources and ideas | direct experience of loss of employment in docks and manufacturing jobs (many in toxteth worked in jobs or processing imported goods e.g. sugar refining) containerisation + migration of docks > poverty toxteth riots 1981 period of serious civil disturbance Merseyside Development Corporation 1980s tried to regenerate former dock areas Tate Liverpool art gallery opened aim to boost teriary employment through cultural employment (2008 European Capital of Culture) Liverpool Science Park development of knowledge economy EU funding Structural and Investment Funds Strategy attempting to regenerate lpools profile Low Carbon sector expanding, employment created in offshore wind technology, europes largest offshore wind farm LIverpool Bay 2015 survey - local businesses main issue recruitment as many applicants lacked technical or job-specific skills many of toxteths residents don't have skills or qualifications to access service and knowledge conomy of lpool (multiplier effect)- sustained local and regional efforts to bring about socio-economic change |
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