Question | Answer |
ante- | situated before or in front of |
anterior (ventral) | one structure is situated closer to the front of the body than another structure * opposite of posterior |
anteroposterior | situated in an anterior-to-posterior (front-to-back) plane |
anti- | situated against or on the opposite side |
bilateral | pertaining to both sides of the body/anatomical structure |
caudal | one structure is situated closer to the tail than another structure * opposite of cranial & rostral |
central | pertaining to the center or composing the primary part * opposite of peripheral |
contra- | pertaining to the opposite side * opposite of ipsi- |
coronal (frontal plane) | vertical plane of reference that divides the body/structure into an anterior & posterior part |
cranial (rostral) | one structure is situated closer to the head than another structure * opposite of caudal |
deep | one structure is situated further away from the body surface than another structure * opposite of superficial |
distal | situated away from the center of the body or from the point of origin * opposite of proximal |
dorsal | pertaining to the back * opposite of ventral |
ecto- | outer; on the outside * opposite of endo- |
endo- | inner or within * opposite of ecto- |
epi- | situated upon, following, or subsequent to |
external | situated on the outside; one structure is situated to the outside of another * opposite of internal |
extrinsic | external or coming from the outside * opposite of intrinsic |
frontal (coronal) | situated in front of or relating to the anterior part of the body |
hypo, sub, infra | situated below |
inferior | situated below or in a downward direction * opposite of superior |
infra- | situated below * opposite of supra- |
inter- | situated between |
internal | situated on the inside; one structure is situated to the inside of another structure * opposite of external |
intra- | situated within or inside * opposite of extra- |
intrinsic | internal or completely within * opposite of extrinsic |
ipsi- | pertaining to the same side * opposite of contra |
lateral | situated to the side or farther from the midsagittal plane * opposite of medial |
longitudinal | situated lengthwise or in the direction of the axis of the body or any of its parts |
medial | situated toward the middle or center, or closer to the midsagittal plane * opposite of lateral |
mes-, mesio-, meso- | situated in the middle; intermediate |
mesial | toward the median or midsagittal plane |
met-, meta- | after, behind, or hindmost; see also post |
midsagittal | vertical plane of reference through the midline of the body, dividing the body into left & right halves |
oblique | situated in a slanting or diagonal direction |
palmar | pertaining to the palm of the hand |
para- | adjacent, alongside, or near |
peri- | around, about, or near |
peripheral | pertaining to the periphery or composing the secondary part * opposite of central |
plantar | pertaining to the sole of the foot |
post- | after, behind, or posterior to * opposite of pre- |
posterior (dorsal) | one structure is situated closer to the back of the body than another structure * opposite of anterior |
pre- | before, in front of, or anterior to * opposite of post- |
prone | body lying face down * opposite of supine |
proximal | situated toward the center of the body or close to the point of origin * opposite of distal |
rectus | straight, usually in a longitudinal direction |
retro- | situated behind or in a backward direction |
rostral (cranial) | one structure is situated closer to the head than another structure * opposite of caudal |
sagittal | vertical plane of reference that divides the body or structure into a left & right part |
sub- | situated beneath |
superficial | one structure is situated closer to the body surface than another structure * opposite of deep |
superior | situated above or in an upward direction * opposite of inferior |
supine | body lying face up * opposite of prone |
supra- | situated above; used instead of epi- * opposite of infra- |
transverse | horizontal plane of reference that divides the body or structure into upper & lower parts |
unilateral | pertaining to one side of the body or anatomical structure |
ventral | pertaining to the front or belly * opposite of dorsal |
version | deviation of a body part from its normal axis |
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