Changing the way you learn

Question	Answer
Define: Sin	An act against the will of God.
Define: Crime	An act against the law
Define: Judgement	Act of judging people and their actions.
Define: Law	Rules made by Parliament and enforceable by the courts.
Define: Justice	Due allocation of reward and punishment, the maintenance of what is right.
Define: Capital punishment	The death penalty for a crime or offence.
Define: Deterrence	The idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off (deter them from) committing crimes.
Define: Rehabilitation	To restore to normal life
Define: Retribution	The idea that punishments should make criminals pay what they have done wrong.
Define: Reform	The idea that punishments should try to change criminals so they will not commit crimes again
Define: Addiction	A recurring compulsion the engage in an activity regardless of its bad effects
Define: Responsibility	Being responsible for one's actions.
Why are laws needed?	All groups need rules that its members follow in order to organise behaviour. Laws in business make sure we are paid and treated fairly. Protect weak from the strong.-stealing, murder, rape. Keep thing organised in advanced societies such as the UK.
What are the connections between law and justice?	St. Aquinas said an unjust law is not a proper law because... Unjust people will feel it is right to break the law. if one law is unjust people will think all laws are. If laws don't give justice, people will take the law into their own hands. If the legal system is not working this may lead to civil war e.g. Kosovo
What are the theories of punishment?	Retribution- punished in proportion to the crime e.g. kill those that kill. Sometimes summed up as an eye for an eye. Deterrence-(definition) e.g. if you cut someone's hand off for stealing they will not steal again. Reform- (definition) e.g. educating criminals so they can gain qualifications and don't have to turn to crime. Protection- Keep criminals in prison for so long that when released they are no longer a danger.
Why is justice important to Christians?	The bible says God is a God of justice. Jesus said the rich should share with the poor. New Testament contains statements about how Christians should treat people fairly e.g. ' do not take revenge...turn the other cheek' 'God will judge you in the same way you have judged others.
Why is justice important to Muslims?	Allah is just. All people should have equal rights-To have an equal society Muslims give 2.5% of income to the poor. This Zakah, which is the first pillar of Islam. Muslims follow a legal system called the Shariah law. it is based on the idea of justice for everyone. Islamic courts use it to decide on punishments. For Muslims,it is a duty to treat others fairly. so don't charge interest on loans.
What are the non-religious in favour of Capital punishment?	Will deter crime and terrorism. The death penalty removes dangerous penalty removes dangerous people from society. It will stop re-offering. it is cheaper than sending a criminal to a maximum security prison at the State's expense. A life for life is fair retribution. Human life is the most valuable thing a person has, so a murderer should lose theirs. its gives the victim's family a sense of closure.
Non- religious arguments against capital punishment?	Innocent people can get convicted by mistake. life is sacred; no one has the right to take life. Countries without the death penalty have lower murder rates; so it doesn't work. Executed terrorists become martyrs and inspire other terrorists. the death penalty is barbaric; it creates a brutal society.
What are the Christian attitudes in favour of capital punishment?	The Bible mentions it as a punishment for certain crimes and the Bible comes from God. Catholic and CofE churches have not condemned the use of the capital punishment. Aquinas said peace in society was more important than reforming sinners. Churches used it for crimes like heresy
What are Christian arguments against Capital punishment?	Jesus' message was one of compassion. Forgiveness is better than retribution. Jesus came to save (reform) sinners. Can't reform the dead. Human is sacred and only God can take it away. Jesus said to 'turn the other cheek' 6th commandant states 'thy shall not kill'
What are the Islamic attitudes to capital punishment?	For crimes like murder, adultery and apostasy. Is a punishment set by by God in the Quran. Muhammed himself sentenced people to death. Shariah laws contains all the crimes that should be punished via CP. all Muslims should try to follow this. Some Muslims are against because the Quran only recommends CP. Shariah law accepts blood money in place of the death penalty.
What are the UK laws on tobacco, alcohol and drugs?	Tobacco- can't sell to under 18s, adverts for tobacco products are banned. Alcohol-Supervised under 16s can go anywhere in a pub, over 16s can have an alcoholic drink with a meal if supervised by an adult. Drugs-class A; possession- 7 years in prison, supplying- life Class B; possession-5 years, supplying- 14 years Class C; possession- 2 years, supplying- 5 years all punishments for drugs could have an unlimited fine.
What are the health problems and social problems of Tobacco?	Health- increases risk of getting over 50 medical conditions e.g. lung cancer, can cause impotence in men. Social- watching loved ones die, makes people smell.
What are the health problems and social problems of Drugs?	health- death through overdose, major cause of mental. social- dealers are criminals, major cause of gang crime.
What are the health problems and social problems of alcohol?	Health- causes liver and stomach problems, mental health problems. Social- causes 41% of all deaths through falls, 11 people are killed each week due to drink driving
What are Christian attitudes against drugs alcohol?	Drugs- St Paul taught a Christian's body is a temple and should be abused. Drugs have mental effects which make it hard to worship God correctly. Alcohol- Bible warns against drunkenness e.g. Noah's drunkenness brought shame on the family, Bible notes alcohol 'impairs judgement, inflames passions and invites violence'
What are the Muslims attitudes to drugs and alcohol?	Both are haram because... Quran says Satan uses them to keep people from God. Muhammed calls them khamr (forbidden). Seen as suicide by Muslim lawyers which is banned. Muhammed states a number of times that Muslims should have nothing to do alcohol. Tobacco not mentioned in the Quran so declared makruh which means extremely disliked but not haram.

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Crime and punishment-RS Unit 8

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