2390194
| Question | Answer |
| Action research | an approach to solving social problems that draws on social-psychological theory |
| Altruism | a motivation to act in a way that benefits another person |
| Applied research | scientific inquiry aimed at solving a specific problem |
| Attitude | an individual's favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a person, object or idea |
| Attribution theory | the tendency to give causal explanations for the behavior of ourselves and others |
| Basic research | scientific inquiry aimed at developing new knowledge |
| Biases | errors in judgement that result from the use of mental short cuts |
| Boundary conditions | conditions that distinguish when a theory does or does not apply |
| Cognitive dissonance theory | theory that emphasizes the importance of consistency in a person's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors |
| Compatibility principle | prescription from the theory of planned behavior that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control should be measured at the same level of specificity |
| Compliance | the act of changing behavior following a direct request |
| Conformity | the act of changing behavior to be constistent with a real or imagined social expectation |
| Construct | a clearly defined individual (psychological) characteristic that is generally latent and not directly observable |
| Contact hypothesis | the theory that bringing members of conflicting groups together will reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations |
| Deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and loosening of everyday moral constraints on behavior, often brought about by anonymity |
| Diffusion of responsibility | principle of helping behavior that states that as the size of a group increases, the probability that any single individual will take action to help decreases |
| Discrimination | unequal or unfair behavior towards a person based on group membership |
| Dual concern model | a strategic choice model that predicts when a person will yield, choose inaction, contend or problem solve in response to a conflict of interest |
| Elaboration likelihood model | a framework that distinguishes between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion |
| Fundamental attribution error | the tendency to overestimate the influence of personality variables and underestimate the influence of the situational variables when explaining other people's behaviors |
| Helping | behavior that is intended to benefit another person |
| Heuristic | mental short cuts used to solve problems or make judgements |
| Hypothesis | a testable prediction derived from a theory |
| Imitation | the replicating of another's action |
| Ingroup | any group of which you are a member |
| Knowledge-deficit model | a theoretical model of behavior change which posits that social programs are underutilized because individuals lack knowledge about the program or the behavior. Psychological research has shown that this model is generally inadequate at explaining why individuals don't make use of programs |
| Model | a framework that integrates theory and principles. Models typically describe multiple processes, each linked through some type of causal sequence |
| Motivation | a person's desire and willingness to act in a certain way |
| Multiply determined | the notion that an individual's behavior is determined by many psychological and contextual variables, and cannot be completely explained by any single theory |
| Obedience | the act of changing behavior following an order |
| Outgroup | any group of which you are not a member |
| Perceived behavioral control | a person's beliefs about the extent to which the behavior is achievable by him or herself |
| Pluralistic ignorance | the tendency to believe the private attitudes and beliefs of others are different from one's own despite identical public behavior |
| Prejudice | unjustified negative attitude towards an individual based on his or her group membership |
| Principle | a statement of how a psychological process works |
| Prosocial behavior | behaving in a manner that benefits another |
| Rational choice theory | a broad social science theory for human behavior that focuses on the perceived costs and benefits of an action |
| Schemas | the cognitive organization of a person's past experiences, beliefs and knowledge |
| Social impact theory | the amount of influence others have in a given situation is a function of the 'number' of people present, the 'strength' of importance of the people, and the 'immediacy' (or closeness) of the target person to the influencing agent(s) |
| Stereotypes | generalized beliefs about a person based on his or her membership of a group |
| Subjective norms | construct in the theory of planned behavior that refers to a person's beliefs about what other people who are important to him think he should do |
| Theory | an integrated set of principles that describe, explain and predict observed events |
| Theory of planned behavior | a model for explaining behavior, using intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control |
| Use-inspired research | scientific inquiry aimed at developing new knowledge that is needed to understand or solve a social problem |
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