2616117
Description
Flashcards by jake Schwartzkopf, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jake Schwartzkopf
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | A minor change in a document |
| Assimilate | Take in and understand fully |
| Bias | Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair |
| Bicameral | Having two branches or charmers of a legislative body |
| Blockade | Act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving |
| Boomtown | A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity |
| Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by privity owners for profit, rather than by the state |
| Caption of industry | A phrase that is some times used to described buinesspeople who are especially successful and powerful |
| Checks and ballences | Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. |
| Congress | The national legislative body of a country |
| Due process of law | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement |
| Economics | The branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth |
| Emancipated | Free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberated |
| Enfranchise | Give the right to vote to |
| Enumerated | Mention (a number of things) one by one |
| Federalism | The federal principle or system of government |
| Forty- Niners | A prospector in the California gold rush of 1849 |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control |
| Habes Corpus | A written command requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention |
| Industry | Economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories |
| Judicial | Of, by, or appropriate to a court or judge |
| Ku Klux Klan | A secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War, which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings |
| Manifest Destiny | The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable |
| Martyr | A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs |
| Monopoly | The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service |
| Nomadic | Roaming about from place to place aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement |
| Override | Use one's authority to reject or cancel (a decision, view, etc.) |
| Popular Sovereignty | A doctrine, held chiefly by the opponents of the abolitionists, that the people living in a territory should be free of federal interference in determining domestic policy, especially with respect to slavery |
| Ratify | Sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid |
| Radical | A person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims |
| Republicanism | The principles or theory of republican government |
| Robber Baron | A not honest power driven rich person, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means |
| Rural | The countryside rather than the town |
| Separation of Powers | An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies |
| Social Darwinism | A 19th-century theory, inspired by Darwinism, by which the social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire is advocated |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in political elections |
| Supreme Court | The highest judicial court in a country or state |
| Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports |
| Taxation Without Representation | Resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution |
| Trade Union | A labor union of craftspeople or workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers in an industry |
| Urban | In, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town |
| Veto | A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body |
| Thomas Jefferson | Jefferson is important because he was a drafter of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Jefferson was alsothe nation's first secretary of state (1789-94); second vice president (1797-1801); and, as the third president (1801-09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase. |
| Andrew Jackson | Jackson is important because he was the seventh president of the U.S. Jackson was also important because he was a major general in the Battle of New Orleans. |
| Sacagawea | Sacagawea wasimportant because she helped Lewis and Clark navigate the Lousiana Purchase. Sacagawea was also important because she fulfilled many roles as the expedition progressed and proved to be an asset for the Corps of Discovery. |
| James K. Polk | Polk was important because he gained the most land in United States history. Polk was also important because he was the eleventh president of the U.S. |
| Frederick Douglass | Douglass was the most important black American leader of the nineteenth century. Also Douglass was an educated slave, and slaves werent suposed to educated. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Stowe was an American abolitionist and novelist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of the most influential books in American history. |
| John Brown | Brown is important because he tried to get weapons for a slave reblion. Brown is also important because he during the Bleeding Kansas conflicts, Brown and his sons led attacks on pro-slavery residents. |
| Robert E. Lee | Lee was important because he was one of the greatest generals of the civil war and of his time period. Lee was also important because he repeatedly defeated larger Federal armies in Virginia. |
| Andrew Johnson | Johnson was important because he was the 17th U.S. president, assumed office after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was also important because he served from 1865 to 1869, was the first American president to be impeached. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Anthony is important because she became a leading figure in the abolitionist and women's voting rights movement. Anthony is also important because she partnered with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and would eventually lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association. |
| Sitting Bull | Bull was important because he was the Native American chief under whom the Sioux tribes united in their struggle for survival on the North American Great Plains. Bull is also important because him, Crazy Horse and a confederation of tribes would defeat federal troops under George Armstrong Custer. |
| George Custer | Custer was important because he was a U.S. cavalry officer who served with distinction in the American Civil War. Custer is also important because he is better known for leading more than 200 of his men to their deaths in the notorious Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Vanderbilt was important because he built the railways of the east coast. Vanderbilt also important because when Vanderbilt died, he was worth more than $100 million. |
| John Rockefeller | Rockefeller was important because he was the founder of the standard oil company. Rockefeller was also important because he was a self made millionaire which he made most of his money off of oil. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Carnegie was important because he was the first to mass produce steel in the U.S. Carnegie was also important because he spent the last third of his life giving back to towns and the country. |
| Jamestown | James town is know for being the first successful permanent English settlement in what would become the United States. |
| Plymouth | Plymouth is know for where the Mayflower landed on the shores of Cape Cod, in present-day Massachusetts, two months later, and in late December anchored at Plymouth Rock, where they would form the first permanent settlement of Europeans in New England. |
| Lexington and Concord | Lexington and Concord is known for, on the night of April 18, 1775, hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to seize an arms cache. Paul Revere and other riders sounded the alarm, and colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. |
| Erie Canal | The Erie Canal is known for linking the waters of Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east. |
| The Alamo | The Alamo is know for following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States), killing all of the Texian defenders. |
| Harper's Ferry | In October 1859, Harper's Ferry was attacked by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown. The raid was part of a plan to setup an independent stronghold of freed slaves. |
| Fort Sumter | Fort Sumter is most famous for being where the first shots of the civil war were fired. Fort Sumter was located in the harbour of Charlsten, North Carolina. |
| Gettysburg | Gettysburg is famout for being the worst battle in the Civil War. Gettysburg is also where the Union got back on there feet and turened the civil war around. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Appomattox Courthouse is where the civil war Roberet E. Lee officialy surrendered. When Lee surrendered it is what we know as the end of the civil war. |
| Ford's Theater | Ford's Theater is where John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Today Ford's Theater is a theater and it's also a museum. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | Promontory Point, Utah is where the Transcontienal Railroad was finished. There were two different teams that made the Transcontienal Railroad one that started on the west coast and one that started in the midwest. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | Ellis Island is where the Statue of Liberty is located. Angel Island is located on the west coast in the San Francisco Bay. |
| Declaration of Independence | The Declaration of Independence is what the founding fathers sent to the king of England. The founding fathers sent the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776. |
| Revolutionary War | The conflict arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. In 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783. |
| Articles of Confederation | The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. The central government lacked the ability to levy taxes and regulate commerce, issues that led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 for the creation of new federal laws. |
| Great Compromise | The Great Compromise was a compramise between the New Jersey Plan and the Virgina Plan. The New Jersey Plan was that every state gets two represenatives, while the Virgina Plan was that the number of represenatives would be based off of the state's population. |
| Passing of the Constitution | In September 1787, the convention’s five-member Committee of Style, Hamilton, Madison, William Samuel Johnson of Connecticut, Gouverneur Morris of New York, Rufus King of Massachusetts, had drafted the final text of the Constitution. All 13 states had to ratify the Constitution and Rhode Island, the last holdout of the original 13 states, finally ratified the Constitution on May 29, 1790. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | In September 1789, the first Congress of the United States approved 12 amendments to the U.S. Constitution and sent them to the states for ratification. The amendments were designed to protect the basic rights of U.S. citizens, guaranteeing the freedom of speech, press, assembly, and exercise of religion; the right to fair legal procedure and to bear arms; and that powers not delegated to the federal government would be reserved for the states and the people. |
| Louisiana Purchase | With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic. Tohmas Jefferson wanted to buy the city of New Orleans from France, but then when Napoleon said that he would give Jefferson all of the Louisiana Territory for only 5 million more dollars Jefferson couldn't refuse. |
| Missouri Compromise | Congress orchestrated a two-part compromise, granting Missouri’s request but also admitting Maine as a free state. It also passed an amendment that drew an imaginary line across the former Louisiana Territory, establishing a boundary between free and slave regions that remained the law of the land until it was negated by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. |
| Indian Removal Acts | The federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk thousands of miles to a specially designated “Indian territory” across the Mississippi River. This difficult and sometimes deadly journey is known as the Trail of Tears. |
| Mexican-American War | The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. When the dust cleared, Mexico had lost about one-third of its territory. |
| Califorina Gold Rush | The discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, arguably one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century. A total of $2 billion worth of precious metal was extracted from the area during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852. |
| Homestead Act | Signed into law in May 1862, the Homestead Act opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. By the end of the Civil War, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years. |
| Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. While industrialization brought about an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard of living for some, it also resulted in often grim employment and living conditions for the poor and working classes. |
| Underground Railroad | The Underground Railroad was neither underground nor a railroad. It got its name because its activities had to be carried out in secret, using darkness or disguise, and because railway terms were used by those involved with system to describe how it worked. The network of routes extended through 14 Northern states and “the promised land” of Canada–beyond the reach of fugitive-slave hunters. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | At the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, N.Y., a woman’s rights convention–the first ever held in the United States–convenes with almost 200 women in attendance. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Divisions over slavery in territory gained in the Mexican-American (1846-48) War were resolved in the Compromise of 1850. It consisted of laws admitting California as a free state, creating Utah and New Mexico territories with the question of slavery in each to be determined by popular sovereignty, settling a Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute in the former’s favor, ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and making it easier for southerners to recover fugitive slaves. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas-Nebrask Act was an 1854 bill that mandated “popular sovereignty”–allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders. The conflicts that arose between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the aftermath of the act’s passage led to the period of violence known as Bleeding Kansas, and helped paved the way for the American Civil War (1861-65). |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford | The case had been brought before the court by Dred Scott, a slave who had lived with his owner in a free state before returning to the slave state of Missouri. In his decision, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, a staunch supporter of slavery, disagreed: The court found that no black, free or slave, could claim U.S. citizenship, and therefore blacks were unable to petition the court for their freedom. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | The Fugitive Slave Acts were a pair of federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the territory of the United States. Widespread resistance to the 1793 law later led to the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which added further provisions regarding runaways and levied even harsher punishments for interfering in their capture. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Bleeding Kansas is the term used to described the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory. Violence soon erupted as both factions fought for control. Abolitionist John Brown led anti-slavery fighters in Kansas before his famed raid on Harpers Ferry. |
| Civil War | The Civil War was and still does have the most deaths in Amercian history. The civil war was fought over the slavery battle between the north and the south. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | But by mid-1862, as thousands of slaves fled to join the invading Northern armies, Lincoln was convinced that abolition had become a sound military strategy, as well as the morally correct path. On September 22, soon after the Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” |
| Civil War Draft Riots | In 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, Congress passed a conscription law making all men between 20 and 45 years of age liable for military service. On July 13, the government’s attempt to enforce the draft in New York City ignited the most destructive civil disturbance in the city’s history |
| Gettysburg Address | In November 1863, President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. |
| Reconstruction | Under the administration of President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures passed restrictive “black codes” to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans. During Radical Reconstruction, which began in 1867, newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. |
| Civil War Amendments | The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution officially abolished slavery in America. In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves. The 15th Amendment, granting African-American men the right to vote. |
| Completion of Transcontinental Railroad | On May 10th 1869, the presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah, and drive a ceremonial last spike into a rail line that connects their railroads. This made transcontinental railroad travel possible for the first time in U.S. history. No longer would western-bound travelers need to take the long and dangerous journey by wagon train, and the West would surely lose some of its wild charm with the new connection to the civilized East. |
| Indian Wars | Intertribal antagonisms among the Indians, and nationalistic rivalries, bad faith, and expansionist desires on the part of non-Indians exacerbated these tensions. The resulting white-Indian conflicts often took a particularly brutal turn and ultimately resulted in the near-de-struction of the indigenous peoples. |
| Gilded Age | The Gilded Age was a peroid after the Civl War where the American economy boomed. During the Gilded Age the rich got even richer and the poor got ever poorer. |
| Populist Party | Signaling a growing movement toward direct political action among desperate western farmers, “Sockless” Jerry Simpson calls on the Kansas Farmers’ Alliance to work for a takeover of the state government. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | This 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. It stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. |
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