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| Question | Answer |
| What is a patient centred approach to care? | A patient centred approach to care is providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual preferences, needs and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. |
| Why is patient centred care important? | 1. Patient is more likely to talk about their feelings and so health care professionals are more likely to know if the patient is getting better or worse 2. The patient is more likely to do what is asked of them and so is more likely to get better 3. Allows patients to be treated quicker and so will get better quicker, therefore waiting lists will be shorter and the NHS will save money 4. Increased patient self-esteem 5. Increased patient-care outcomes 6. Empowerment of patients to care for themselves 7. Better medical results 8. Greater involvement of family and support system in patient care 9. Fewer disruptions on floor 10. Fewer misunderstandings between patient and staff |
| What is asthma? | Asthma is a respiratory conditions which causes the airways of the lungs to become inflamed and swollen. |
| What are the triggers of asthma? | • Allergens (dust mites, pollen, animal fur and feathers) • Airborne irritants (cigarette smoke, chemical fumes and atmospheric pollution) • medicines (NSAIDS, aspirin and beta-blockers) • Cold air |
| What are the symptoms of asthma? | • Feeling breathless • Wheezing • Coughing • Tight chest |
| In asthma, what is wheezing caused by? | It is caused by then airways narrowing and breathing through them creates the wheezing noise. |
| In asthma, what is coughing caused by? | It is caused by the airways narrowing and mucus being formed. |
| What are the symptoms of an asthma attack? | • Symptoms worsening quickly • Breathing and talking are difficult • Pulse may race • Lips and/or finger nails turn blue |
| What are the causes of asthma? | Not fully understand but there are risk factors which include: • Genetic predisposition • If a family member has an allergic condition • Developing another allergic condition • Having bronchiolitis as a child • Being exposed to tobacco smoke as a child |
| What are the physical impacts of asthma? | • Asthma attacks • Can collapse • Can be put on steroids • May become overweight as a side effect of steroids • Breathless walking up stairs • Use inhaler |
| What are the intellectual impacts of asthma? | • Can miss a lot of school due to regular check ups or attacks • Will learn more about asthma • Will learn how to control it and prevent asthma attacks |
| What are the emotional impacts of asthma? | • Scared as it can be life threatening • Feel as though nobody understands • Stressed • Depressed • Relieved when they found out what it was • Decrease in confidence |
| What are the social impacts of asthma? | • Go on walks with other sufferers • Breathe Easy support group • Peers may exclude them • Unable to do the same activities as friends |
| What are the financial impacts of asthma? | • Family member/carer may have to take time off work if suffer from a lot of attacks • May have to leave work if something there is triggering the asthma |
| What is a stroke? | A stroke is when the blood supply to the brain is cut off and so the brain doesn't get enough oxygen. |
| What is an ischaemic stroke? | When the blood flow it cut off by a blockage. Usually a blood clot |
| What is a haemorrhagic stroke? | When the blood is cut off by a blood vessel bursting within the brain. This means that the brain doesn't get enough oxygen. |
| What are the risk factors of a stroke? | • High blood pressure • Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels • Overweight/obesity • Lack of physical exercise • Diabetes • Family history of heart disease • Smoking (damages and tightens blood vessels, raises cholesterol levels and blood pressure). |
| What are the main symptoms of a stroke? | • Face may have dropped on one side, as well as mouth or eye • May not be able to raise both arms and keep them there due to arm weakness or numbness • Slurred speech or inability to speak |
| What are the other symptoms of a stroke? | • Dizziness • Communication problems • Problems with balance and co-ordination • Difficulty swallowing • Severe headaches • Loss of consciousness |
| What are the physical impacts of a stroke? | • Mobility problems • Difficulty swallowing • Difficulty controlling bladder and bowel movements • May be unable to drive again • Sex life can be difficult • Weakness/paralysis on one side of body • Visual problems due to damage of the brain |
| What are the intellectual impacts of a stroke? | • Learn more about warning signs and strokes • May miss school/work • Memory problems • Difficulty with written and verbal communication • Spatial awareness problems • Concentration problems |
| What are the emotional impacts of a stroke? | • Struggle to come to terms with having a difficulty • Family and sufferer upset • Depression and anxiety disorders • Embarrassed (can't control bladder and bowel) • Support • Angry • Low self-esteem • Loss of confidence |
| What are the social impacts of a stroke? | • Mobility issues may mean that they can't go out with family or friends • May go out less if unable to control bladder or bowel movements • Difficulty with communication can mean that it's hard to socialise with others |
| What are the financial impacts of a stroke? | • Home adaptations • Wheelchair • Family member may give up job to become a carer • Sufferer may leave work • DLA |
| What is coronary heart disease? | When the heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. |
| How are the coronary arteries interrupted/blocked? | Over time the artery walls become furred up with fatty deposits (plaque), which is called atherosclerosis. This causes the coronary arteries to become narrow and so the blood supply to the heart is restricted, causing angina. If it becomes completely blocked then it can cause a heart attack. |
| What are the risk factors of CHD? | • Smoking (more likely that the blood will clot and damages linking of the arteries) • High blood pressure (puts a strain on the heart) • High blood cholesterol level • Having a thrombosis (blood clot in artery) • Diabetes • Being overweight/obese • Family history of heart attack or angina |
| What are the symptoms of CHD? | • Heart attacks (can cause permanent damage to the heart muscle) • Angina • Heart palpitations • Heart failure • Upper body discomfort in one of both arms, back, neck, jaw or upper stomach • Shortness of breath • Nausea • Vomiting • Fainting • Light-headedness • Sleep problems • Fatigue • Lack of energy |
| How can coronary heart disease be prevented? | By... • eating a healthy diet • keeping to a healthy weight • being more physically active • reducing alcohol consumption • giving up smoking • keeping blood pressure under control • keeping diabetes under control • taking prescribed medication |
| What are the physical impacts of CHD? | • Need to rest more after activity • More exercise may be done to reduce cholesterol • Have to be careful so they don't overexert themselves • Angina • Medication needed • Problems sleeping due to fear of having a heart attack |
| What are the intellectual impacts of CHD? | • Will learn more about CHD and signs of a heart attack • Learn how to eat healthier • Learn about risk factors of CHD and how they can reduce them • Learn how to prevent a heart attack |
| What are the emotional impacts of CHD? | • Loss of confidence/increase when overcome • Support • Insecure, worried, anxious • Worried about exercising • Fear of having another heart attack • May think and re-evaluate their life due to near death |
| What are the social impacts of CHD? | • Unable to do sport or strenuous activities with friends/family • Support groups • Feel as though people may treat them differently |
| What are the financial impacts of CHD? | • Time off work • Sick pay • May decide to change jobs • Switch from full-time to part-time |
| What is cancer? | Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably. |
| What is leukaemia? | Leukaemia is the cancer of bone marrow and white blood cells. It causes the body to produce increased numbers of immature white blood cells and so there are less red blood cells. |
| What causes the leukaemia? | A genetic mutation found in stem cells responsible for producing white blood cells changes the instructions that are provided by DNA for cells. This causes the stem cells to produce more white blood cells than needed. The number of immature white blood cells leads to a decrease in red blood cells and platelets. |
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