2876802
Description
Flashcards by bailey1997, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bailey1997
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Icon | a sign that is fit to signify because of resemblance between the sign and what it stands for e.g. diagrams bathroom signs |
| Index | a sign that is fit to signify because of a real material relation between the sign and what it stands for e.g. smoke = fire cloud = rain |
| Symbol | a sign that is fit to signify because of some agreement that it does (arbitrary; by convention) e.g. ♂ ♀ |
| Pragmatic competence | (communicative) appropriate expressions in context, understanding of speaker's intentions form + content + context |
| Semantic competence | (meaning) general knowledge of word meanings form + content |
| Structural competence | (grammatical) based on form e.g. phonetics form |
| Duality of Patterning (Charles Hockett's design features) | The ability to combine meaningless parts (sounds) into meaningful wholes (words) |
| Arbitrariness (Charles Hockett's design features) | the absence of any natural/necessary connection between a word's meaning and its sound |
| Productivity (Charles Hockett's design features) | the limitless ability to use any natural language to say new things |
| Displacement (Charles Hockett's design features) | allows users to talk about things and events other than those occurring in the here and now |
| Locutionary content | core meaning of a sentence e.g. were you born in a barn? |
| Illocutionary force | intention of speaker - changes with different context e.g. close the door ("were you born in a barn?") |
| Descriptive grammar | a set of rules that describe the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers |
| Prescriptive grammar | a set of rules that prescribe how people should speak and write 'properly' (used when teaching/learning a second language) |
| Morpheme | minimal unit of linguistic expression associated with meaning |
| Allomorph | variant form of a morpheme |
| Phonetics | the acoustics and articulation of sounds studies the physical properties of sounds and their articulation |
| Phonology | how to pronounce words and sentences the system of contrastive relationships among speech sounds that constitute fundamental components of a language |
| Morphology | how to form words from smaller parts knowledge that is reflected in ones ability to analyse words into meaningful parts |
| Syntax | how to form sentences governs the structuring of phrases and sentences |
| Linguistics | human knowledge of language (a cognitive science) study of the general principles which govern all languages |
| Lexeme | set of grammatical words that are in some sense forms of the same word (what you would look for in the dictionary) |
| Predicate | a word or word clause which modifies the subject or object of a sentence |
| Clause | a minimal linguistic expression to which a truth value can be assigned e.g. I fear spiders fear (fearer, feared) |
| Adjacency pair | conversational turn-taking two utterances by two speakers, one after the other e.g. complaint -> apology offer -> refusal/acceptance |
| Recursion | when a structure can be embedded in a similar structure (sentence within a sentence) |
| Derivation | an affix which changes the meaning of a word e.g. soft + ly = softly |
| Inflection | affix (always suffix in English) that changes the grammar e.g. -ing/ -ed/ -es/ -er/ -est |
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