33981243
Description
Flashcards by Adriana Vincelli-Joma, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Adriana Vincelli-Joma
about 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| syntax to create class using composition | class X {}; class Y { public: X x; }; int main() { Y y; y.f(47); y.x.set(37); } |
| syntax to create class using inheritance | class X {}; class Y : public X {}; int main() { Y D; D.change(); // X interface comes through } |
| constructor initializer list | calls constructor for sub-object when object is created |
| syntax for constructor initializer list | - call to sub-object constructors after constructor argument list and colon, but before opening brace of function body - MyType::MyType (int i) : Bar(i) { |
| syntax for member object initializer list | - if you have more than one constructor call in initializer list, separate calls with commas - MyType2::MyType2 (int i) : Bar(i), m(i + 1) { |
| syntax for initializing built-in type in initializer list | - treat built-in types as if they have single constructor which takes single argument class X { int i; float f; char c; X() : i(7), f(1.4), c('x') {} }; |
| unusual feature in calling constructors/destructors automatically | - every constructor/destructor in hierarchy is called - with normal member function only that function is called, but not any of base-class versions |
| name hiding | explicit declaration of name of class in derived class or nested declarative region |
| virtual function | member function in base class that you redefine in derived class |
| redefining | provide exact signature and return type in derived class definition as in base class definition for ordinary member functions |
| overriding | - same function in child class which is already present in parent class - base class member function is virtual function |
| polymorphism | call to member function will cause different function to be executed depending on type of object that invokes function |
| when function is not automatically inherited from base class | - constructor/destructor don't inherit and must be created specifically for each derived class - operator= doesn't inherit because it performs constructor-like activity |
| 3 ways static member functions act same as non-static member functions | 1. inherit into derived class 2. if you redefine static member, all other overloaded functions in base class are hidden 3. if you change signature of function in base class, all base class versions with that function name are hidden |
| composition vs inheritance | composition - want features of existing class inside new class, but not interface - has-a relationship inheritance - include all methods and attributes from parent class and expose to child class - is-a relationship |
| subtyping | - making new type from existing type - new type has exactly name interface as existing type |
| private inheritance | - makes public and protected members of base class private in derived class - create new class that has all data and functionality of base class, but functionality is hidden |
| publicizing privately inherited members | - inherit privately = all public member of base class become private - to make visible, say names along with using keyword in public section of derived class |
| protected | private as far as class user is concerned but available to anyone who inherits from class |
| protected inheritance | when deriving from protected base class, public and protected members of base class become protected members of derived class |
| multiple inheritance | add more classes, in base-class list during inheritance, separated by commas |
| subobject | copy of all data members of that base class |
| cautions against using multiple inheritance | - duplicate subobjects take up extra space and introduce ambiguity - ambiguous upcasting: clash between function definitions and subobjects |
| incremental development | method that develops system in manner where various portions of system are developed at different times/speed of development |
| composition and inheritance support incremental development | by inheriting from/composing with an existing functional class and adding data members and member functions, existing code is untouched and unbugged |
| upcasting | converting derived-class reference/pointer to base class |
| using upcasting with copy-constructor | - synthesize copy-constructor for derived class - properly call base-class copy-constructor whenever you write own copy-constructor - base-class copy-constructor calls upcasts a reference to child to a reference to parent and uses it to perform copy-construction |
| upcasting pointers and references | - upcasting occurs during function call - child object outside function has reference taken and becomes parent reference inside function - Wind w; - Instrument* ip = &w; - Instrument& ir = w; |
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