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Description
Flashcards by Georgia Whiting, updated 9 months ago
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Created by Georgia Whiting
9 months ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Anatomy? | The science of BODY STRUCTURES and the relationships among them. |
| What is Physiology | is the science of BODY FUNCTIONS — how the body parts work |
| What are the four anatomical planes? | Frontal / coronal Sagittal Transverse Oblique |
| Superior | Towards the head |
| Anterior (ventral) | Towards the front of the body |
| Medial | nearer to the midline |
| Intermedial (relative description) | In-between two structures |
| Ipsilateral | On the same side of the body as another structure |
| Contralateral | On the opposite side of the body as another structure |
| Superficial | Towards the surface of the body |
| What are the six levels of structural organisation? | Chemical (cells and molecules) Cellular Tissue Organ (two or more tissues) Organ system (related organs, common function) Organism |
| What are the four kinds of tissues? | Epithelial Nervous Connective Muscular |
| What is the function of Epithelial tissue? | covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; it also forms glands. This tissue allows the body to interact with both its internal and external environments |
| What is the function of Muscular tissue? | Movement - cells specialised for contraction and generation of force. In the process, muscular tissue generates heat that warms the body. |
| What is the function of Connective tissue? | protects and supports the body and its organs. Various types of connective tissues bind organs together, store energy reserves as fat, and help provide the body with immunity to disease-causing organisms. |
| What is the function of Nervous tissue? | Communication - detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating electrical signals called nerve action potentials (nerve impulses) that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretion |
| Name the 11 different organ systems | Digestive,. Respiratory ,Nervous, Muscular, Integumentary, Reproductive, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Skeletal, Cardiovascualar and Urinary / Renal |
| What are the components of the Integumentary system? | Skin and associated structures (hair, toe/finger nails, sweat glands and oil glands) |
| What is the six functions of the Integumentary system? | Protects body; helps regulate body tempserature; eliminates some wastes; helps make vitamin D; detects sensations such as touch, pressure, warmth, and cold; stores fat and provides insulation. |
| What are the five functions of the Skeletal system? | Supports and protects body; provides surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids (fats). |
| What are the components and function of the Muscular system? | Components: Skeletal muscle tissue—muscle usually attached to bones Functions: Participates in body movements; maintains posture; produces heat. |
| What are the components and four functions of the Nevous system? | Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as eyes and ears. Functions: Generates nerve impulses to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions. |
| What are the components of the Endocrine system? | Hormone-producing glands and hormone-producing cells in several other organs. glands: pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. |
| What is the function of the Endocrine system? | Regulates body activities by releasing hormones |
| What is the function of the cardiovascular system? (seven) | Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid–base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels. |
| What are the components of the lymphatic system? | Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others). |
| What is the function of the lymphatic system? | Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes. |
| What is the function of the respiratory system? | Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid–base balance of body fluids; produces sounds through vocal cords. |
| What is the function of the urinary (renal) system? | Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid–base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells. |
| What is the function of the reproductive system? | Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk |
| What are the three internal cavities in the body? | Cranial - containing vertebral canal Thoracic - pleural and pericardial cavities, mediastinum Abdominopelvic - abdominal, pelvic |
| What organs are in the Mediastinum in the Thoracic cavity? | Heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea (and several large blood vessels) |
| What organs are in the Abdominal cavity? (8) | Stomach Spleen Liver Gall bladder Small intestines kidneys pancreas (most of) Large intestines |
| What are the three organs in the Pelvic cavity? | portions of the Large intestines Bladder Reproductive organs |
| name of the serous membrane in the pericardial and abdominal cavities | Pericardium Peritoneum |
| Afferent pathway | (sensory) pathway from receptors to control centre A for arrive |
| Efferent pathway | motor) pathway from control centre to effector E for exit |
| Homeostasis | Is a dynamic system responsible for the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment |
| components of feedback system | Stimulus Receptor Control centre Effector Physiological response |
| three positive feedback systems | blood clotting childbirth breastfeeding. |
| what is an atom | smallest particle of matter |
| what is a molecule? | a group of two or more chemically bonded atoms |
| receptor | structure that monitors for changes |
| what is a control centre? | brain: evaluates the input from the receptor and generates output commands |
| effector | a structure that receives output from the control centre and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition |
| what is an organ | two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognisable shapes. |
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