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| Question | Answer |
| 1. Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental (cognitive) processes of humans and animals |
| 2. Wilhelm Wundt | Known as the "founder of modern psychology" and the "father of experimental psychology" He established the first laboratory in the world that was dedicated to Experimental Psychology |
| 3. Structuralism | Early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
| 4. *Introspection | The process of "looking inward" and examining one's self and one's own actions in order to gain insight. |
| 5. William James | Recognized for writing the Principles of Psychology, which is considered to be a monumental work in the history of psychology |
| 6. Functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function |
| 7. *Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
| 8. *Gestalt Psychology | Psychological perspective that emphasizes that the mind tends to perceive unified wholes and patterns rather than the bits and pieces that make up those wholes and patterns |
| 9. *Phrenology | Psychologists believed that behavioral characteristics of humans could be described by measuring the bumps on their heads |
| 10. Behaviorism | . |
| 11. "Little Albert" | The baby that was exposed to a white rat during for an experiment |
| 12. *Ivan Pavlov ("Big Idea"- Classical Conditioning) | Best known for his work describing the psychological phenomenon of Classical Conditioning |
| 13. *B.F. Skinner (aka rat enthusiast) | Best known for developing the theory of Operant Conditioning, which uses reinforcers or consequences to change behavior |
| 14. Humanistic Psychology | Psychological perspective that emphasizes the human capacity for choice and growth. |
| 15. Abraham Maslow ("Big Idea"- *hierarchy of needs*) | Known as the Father of Humanistic Psychology |
| 16. Carl B. Rodgers ("Big Idea"- unconditional positive regard) | Well known for the creation of Client-Centered Therapy, also known as Person-Centered Therapy or Rogerian Psychotherapy |
| 17. Nature vs. Nurture Debate | What makes us who we are and drives how we behave, our genes (nature) or our experiences (nurture)? |
| 18. Basic Research vs Applied Research | As opposed to applied research, basic research is conducted with the intent of increasing the scientific knowledge base, and to find theoretical truth and understanding (not specifically to solve practical problems) |
| 19. *Clinical Psychology | The goal of clinical psychology is to assess, diagnose and treat a variety of mental disorders |
| 20. Psychiatrist | A psychiatrist has a medical degree |
| 21. Industrial/ Organizational (IO) Psychologists | A branch of psychology that studies behavior in the workplace and the marketplace. |
| 22. *Human Factors Psychologist | Division of psychology that studies how the human mind and body interacts with its tools and environment. |
| 23. *John B. Watson | "Father of Behaviorism" |
| 24. Cognitive | Thinking, learning, memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, conceptual development, and decision making. |
| 25. Dualism | Presumption by Rene Descartes that the human mind and body are two distinct entities that interact with each other to make a person |
| 26. Biopsychology | The scientific field of study that examines the relationships between biology and psychology, and how they influence behavior and cognition |
| 27. Evolutionary Psychology | An approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles from evolutionary biology are put to use in research on the structure of the human mind |
| 28. Cognitive Psychology | The scientific study of mind and mental function |
| 29. Sociocultural Psychology | Based on the idea that society and culture shape cognition |
| 30. Trephination | Surgical procedure in which a circular part of the skull is carved away leaving a hole in the skull |
| 31. "Tabula Rasa" | Means "blank slate". It refers to the belief that humans are born with with completely a open mind and that upbringing imprints beliefs and attitudes onto the personality |
| 32. Physiological | The branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes |
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