459472
| Question | Answer |
| Diffusion | The net movement of the particles of a gas or a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis | The net movement of water down a concentration gradient from a high concentration of water molecules to low across a partially permeable membrane. |
| Turgor | The state of a plant cell when water has moved in by osmosis so that the cytoplasm is pressing hard against the cellulose cell wall and no more water can enter the cell. |
| Xylem | The transport tissue in plants which carries water and mineral ions up from the root through the stems to the leaves. |
| Phloem | Involved in translocation. This is the movement of food substances from the stems to growing tissues and storage tissues. |
| Transpiration | The loss of water vapour form the surface of the leaves of plants. This occurs through the stomata when they are opened to allow the gaseous exchange to take place for photosynthesis to take place. |
| Phototropisms | The response of a plant through growth to light shining from one side only. |
| Geotropisms | The response of a plant to the force of gravity acting downward. |
| Mitosis | Asexual cell division, a single stage process which results in identical daughter cells. |
| Meiosis | A two stage process of cell division which reduces the number of chromosomes from the diploid parent cell to the haploid daughter cell. It is important in the formation of gametes. |
| Chlorophyll | Absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. A green pigment. |
| Photosynthesis | |
| Spongy Mesophyll Layer in leaf | For gas exchanges absorb CO2 and release water vapour and oxygen. Air spaces allow gasses to diffuse. |
| Palisade Mesophyll layer | Contains hundreds of chloroplasts. The main site for photosynthesis. It is close to source of light. |
| Stomata | Allow CO2 to diffuse into leaf to reach photosynthic tissues. Also allow water vapour and oxygen to diffuse out. |
| The Use of Glucose in a plant | Oxidised in respiration to give energy |
| The use of Sucrose in a plant | The main sugar transported in the Pholem |
| The use of Starch in a plant | To store the energy of the plant |
| The use of Cellulose in a plant | Forms plant cell walls |
| The use of Protein in a plant | Growth and repair of cells |
| The use of Lipids in a plant | Energy store in some plants for nuts and seeds, also part of all cell membranes. |
| The use of Nitrate | Making amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll, DNA and many other compounds. Deficiency Symptom: Stunted growth of plant, older leaves turn yellow. |
| The use of Phosphate | Making DNA and other compounds, it is part of the cell membrane. Deficiency symptoms: Poor root growth and younger leaves turn purple. |
| The use of Potassium | Needed or enzymes of respiration and photosynthesis to work Deficiency Symptom: Leaves turn yellow with dead spots. |
| The use of Magnesium | Part of Chlorophyll molecule. Deficiency Symptom: Leaves turn yellow. |
| Hydroponics | Commercial crops such as lettuce can be grown without soil. The plants roots have a culture solution passing through it . Less pests form soil. |
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