459560
Description
Flashcards by emma_moran, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by emma_moran
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the structure of a nucleotide? | Sugar (ribose or deoxy ribose), nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
| What is a nucleobase? | Nitrogenous base |
| What is a nucleoside? | Nucleobase + sugar |
| What is a nucleotide? | Nucleoside +phosphate |
| What is a nucleotide called if 2 or 3 phosphates are present? | Nucleotide diphosphate and nucleotide triphosphate |
| How is the sugar attached to the nucleobase? | Beta-N-glycosidic link |
| What is a pyrimidine nucleobase? | Heterocyclic organic compound consisting of a pyrimidine ring. (Long name small structure) |
| Which nucleobases are pyrimidine nucleobases? | Cytosine, thymine and uracil |
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Image:
cytosine (image/jpg)
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Cytosine |
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Image:
tymine (image/jpg)
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Thymine |
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Image:
uracil (image/png)
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Uracil |
| Why is thymine more stable than uracil? | Methylation make thymine more stable which means RNA degrades quickly |
| What are purine nucleobases? | Heterocyclic organic compounds consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring (shorter name more complex structure) |
| Which bases are purine bases? | Adenine and guanine |
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Image:
adenine (image/jpg)
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Adenine |
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Image:
guanine (image/jpg)
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Guanine |
| Where can the aldopentose sugar ribose be found? | ATP, GTP, NAD+, DNA (in deoxy form) and RNA |
| Write equations to show the dephosphorylation and releases energy from ATP | ATP <-> ADP + P ADP <-> AMP + P ATP <-> AMP +PP |
| What is the role of cAMP? | Cell signalling molecule |
| What is the role GTP? | Important in cell signalling and protein synthesis |
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Image:
ATP (image/jpg)
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ATP |
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Image:
GTP (image/png)
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GTP |
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Image:
cAMP (image/png)
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cAMP |
| What is NAD+? | Co-enzyme in cellular reactions |
| What is the role of NAD+? | Acts as an electron acceptor in cellular respration |
| In DNA what bond forms between the phosphate on one nucleotide and the deoxyribose sugar on the next? | Phosphodiester bond (this forms a sugar phosphate backbone) which is a covalent bond |
| What bonds form between the bases on each strand of DNA? | Hydrogen |
| Are the strands in DNA parallel or anti parallel? | Anti parallel |
| What direction are the strands read in? | 5' end to 3' end |
| How many hydrogen bonds form between the complementary base pairs A and T? | Two (T for 2) |
| How many hydrogen bonds form between the complementary base pairs G and C? | Three (C rhymes with 3) |
| What are genes? | They are portions of DNA that code for proteins |
| What is the genetic code? | Non overlapping- each base is only part of one codon Universal- a single codon can only code for one amino acid Degenerate- for most amino acids there is more than one codon |
| How can DNA be used in molecular biology? | Forensic DNA 'fingerprint' analysis, DNA sequencing, somatic gene cell therapy, genetic engineering to make or change proteins |
| How is RNA different to DNA? | Uracil replaces thymine, ribose sugar replaces deoxyribose and it is a single strand not a double strand |
| What is the role of mRNA? | It converts the genetic information in DNA into a template that can be used to construct a protein molecule |
| What is the role of tRNA? | It helps transport the amino acids that build the polypeptide chain of a protein |
| What is the central dogma? | |
| What type of replication does DNA undergo to produce two identical daughter cells? | Semi-conservative |
| What is meant by the "3' end? | Free OH group on carbon 3 |
| What is meant by the "5' end? | Phosphate group attached to carbon 5 |
| What type of bond links amino acids to tRNA molecules? | Ester bond |
| What doesn't obey the central dogma? | Prion proteins and retroviruses |
| Why don't prion proteins and retroviruses obey the central dogma? | They propagate themselves by making conformational changes in other molecules of the same type of protein. This is could be considered the formation of a protein from a protein. |
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