4994809
| Question | Answer |
| Aciclovir | Converted to triphosphate form which completely inhibits viral DNA polymerase and stops the growing viral DNA chain and inactivates viral DNA polymerase |
| Aspirin | Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in analgesia. Reduces fever by acting on the brain's heat regulating centre to promote vasodilation and sweating |
| Benzophenone | Absorbs UV-A UV rays, preventing them from reaching the skin |
| Chloramphenicol | Reversibly binds to 5OS ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms preventing amino acid transferring to growing peptide chains which inhibit protein synthesis |
| Chlorphenamine | Binds to the histamine H1 receptor blocking the action of endogenous histamine leading to temporary relief of negative symptoms brought on by histamine |
| Ciprofloxacin | Inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II and IV which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination |
| Clotrimazole | Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, resulting in increased cellular permeability. Also inhibits the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms |
| Codeine | Binds to the mu receptors in brain which are responsible for transmitting pain signals. Has a much weaker affinity than morphine. |
| Cyclophosphamide | 1. Attaches to alkyl groups to DNA bases so DNA becomes fragmented 2. DNA damaged by cross-link formation 3. Induction of misfiring nucleotides which leads to mutations |
| Diclofenac | Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. |
| Doxorubicin | Forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs and inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilising the DNA-topoisomerase II complex |
| Etoposide | Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II therefore inhibits DNA re-ligation and DNA synthesis |
| Ferrous sulphate | Replaces the iron stores found in haemoglobin in RBC, myoglobin and other heme enzymes in the body |
| Flucanazole | Interacts with 14-alpha-demethylase and P-450 enzymes to convert lanosterol to ergosterol resulting in increased cellular permeability, causing leakages of cellular contents |
| Folic acid | Converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase in order to maintain normal erythropoiesis |
| Fucidic acid | Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis, specifically by preventing the translocation of the elongation factor G from the ribosome |
| Gentamicin | Irreversibly binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome interrupting protein synthesis |
| Hyoscine | Interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system |
| Hydrocortisone | Inhibits the formation, storage and release of histamine from mast cells (type of WBC) which reduces the effect of an allergic reaction |
| Ibuprofen | Inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever and swelling |
| Isotretinoin | Reduces the production of sebum and shrinks the sebaceous glands. Also reduces inflammation in moderate-severe acne. Believed to alter DNA transcription |
| Loratadine | Competes with free histamine and exhibits specific, selective peripheral H1 antagonistic activity. This blocks the action endogenous histamine, reading to temporary relief of negative symptoms (nasal congestion, watery eyes) |
| Lidocaine | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell membrane of post-synaptic neurons, preventing depolarisation and inhibiting the generation and propagation of nerve impulses |
| Mebendazole | Selectively inhibits the synthesis of microtubules in parasitic worms and destroying cytoplasmic microtubules in their intestinal cells therefore blocking the uptake of glucose and other nutrients leading to death |
| Morphine | Inhibits GABA inhibitory interneurons, which normally inhibit descending pain inhibition pathway, therefore without inhibitory signals, pain modulation proceeds downwards |
| Naproxen | Inhibit cyclooxyrgenase activity, inhibition of COX-1 associated with normal GI and renal function while inhibition of COX-2 produces anti-inflammatory activity |
| Pseudoephedrine | Acts directly on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors which provides vasoconstriction. Also relaxes bronchial smooth muscles by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors |
| Paracetamol | Inhibits enzyme which is responsible for formation of prostaglandins (COX). In the CNS, inhibition of these enzymes reduces concentrations of prostaglandins which help reduce fever |
| Pethidine | Primarily a kappa-opiate receptor agonist and has local anaesthetic effects |
| Propamidine | Inserts itself between successive bases in bacterial DNA causing genetic mutation |
| Terbinafine | Inhibits squalene monooxygenase therefore blocking the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membranes |
| Vincristine | Anti-tumour activity primarily due to the inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubular. It may also interfere with amino acid cyclic AMP and glutathione metabolism. |
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