Exercise Physiology 2.1: Ventilatory System

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International Baccalaureate Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences Flashcards on Exercise Physiology 2.1: Ventilatory System, created by Sophie Burk on 26/04/2016.
Sophie Burk
Flashcards by Sophie Burk, updated more than 1 year ago
Sophie Burk
Created by Sophie Burk over 8 years ago
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Question Answer
List the principle structures of the ventilatory system nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli
Outline the functions of the conducting airways low resistance for air flow, defence against chemicals/harmful air substances, warming and moistening the air
Define pulmonary ventilation (breathing) the total volume of gas per minute inspired or expired
Define total lung capacity the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation
Define vital capacity the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation
Define tidal volume the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing
Define expiratory reserve volume the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory level
Define inspiratory reserve volume the maximal volume of air can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level
Define residual volume the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs -The action of breathing in and out is due to changes of pressure. -When we inhale the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm contract to expand the chest cavity. -Inhilation/exhalation is an inverse process. -The abs are also involved in strenuous exercise
Describe nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise. -medulla oblongata controls breathing -expiratory centre sends impulses to the internal intercostals to speed up expiratory process -increase CO2 causes the acidity of the blood to decrease blood pH -a change in acidity of the blood is detected by chemoreceptors which send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles which increase the rate of ventilation
Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport Most oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red blood cells Hemoglobin is a protein that allows oxygen to bind to RBC
Explain the process of gaseous exchange in the alveoli Alveoli inflate and deflate with inhalation and exhalation. Gases move by diffusion from where they have a high concentration to where they have a low concentration: The carbon dioxide diffuses from the arriving venous blood and into the air which exits the body during exhalation.
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