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| Question | Answer |
| What is every substance in the universe made up of? | Every substance is made up of building blocks called atoms. |
| How many types of atoms are there? | There are about 100 types of atoms. |
| What does STM stand for? | Scanning Tunnelling Microscope |
| What microscopes are used to see atoms? | Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) |
| What are elements? | Elements are substances that are made up of just one type of atom. |
| What is the air you breathe made up of? | The air you breathe is made up of two elements- nitrogen and oxygen |
| What are the two classifications of elements? | Metallic and non-metallic |
| What are some examples of metallic elements? | Aluminium, iron, mercury, gold and silver |
| What are some properties of metallic elements? | -Tend to be shiny -Can be stretched into wires -Can be bent and hammered into sheets -Are good conductors of heat and electricity |
| What are some examples of non-metallic elements? | Carbon, Iodine, Chlorine and Sulfur |
| Which element is a liquid at room temperature? | Mercury is a liquid at room temperature |
| What happens to non-metallic elements at room temperature? | They tend to be solids or gases at room temperature. |
| What are some of the properties of non-metallic elements? | -Tend to be dull -Do not conduct heat or electricity -Break or crumble when you bend them |
| How many known elements are there? | There are 118 known elements. |
| How many of the elements occur naturally? | Only 91 of them occur naturally. |
| What helps scientists understand the physical properties of elements? | Scientists display all the known elements and their symbols in a table called the periodic table which lists the elements from lightest to heaviest which helps the scientist understand the physical properties. |
| What can atoms in elements exist as? | -As single atoms -Clusters of atoms called molecules -In large grid-like structures called lattices |
| What are physical properties? | Physical properties determine whether the: -Element is solid, liquid or gas. - Its melting and boiling point. - How well it conducts heat or electricity -If it can bend or whether it breaks when a force is applied. |
| What are monatomic elements? | An element that consists of just a single atom. |
| How many monatomic elements are there? | There are only 6 of the 92 naturally occurring elements being monatomic. |
| What are the 6 monatomic elements? | Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn) |
| What are molecules? | Molecules are clusters of two or more atoms bonded together. |
| How many oxygen atoms does each oxygen molecule contain? | Each oxygen molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms |
| What are lattices? | Lattices are large grid-like structures |
| What can metals and non-metals both form? | They can both for crystal lattices |
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