5434302
Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Complete the general formula of alkanes (where n = number of carbon atoms). | CnH2n+2 |
| Complete the general formula of alkenes (where n = number of carbon atoms). | CnH2n |
| How is carbon monoxide formed in an engine? [1] | Incomplete combustion of carbon |
| State how nitrogen oxides are produced in the engine [2] | Nitrogen and oxygen in the air react together [1] At high temperature in the engine [1] |
| Explain why there is concern about the carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels such as petrol [2] | Because carbon dioxide causes global warming [1] the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing [1] |
| Scientists’ predictions of earthquakes are often ignored. Suggest four reasons [4] | It is difficult for scientists to predict: When/where the earthquakes might occur [2] The strength of the earthquakes that might occur [1] Scientists cannot monitor what is happening below the Earth’s crust [1] |
| What did Wegener mean by ‘continental drift’? | The continents were joined together The continents then drifted apart [1] |
| Suggest what ’mantle dynamics’ is and state what causes ‘mantle dynamics’ [2] | Convection currents in the mantle [1] caused by heat [1] |
| Describe how activity within the Earth results in earthquakes [3] | Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates [1] caused by convection currents in the Earth’s mantle [1] caused by the heat released by radioactive processes within the Earth [1] |
| Describe how lavender oil is separated from plant material [4] | The water boils[1] The oils are vaporised [1] The vapours are condensed [1] The water is tapped off leaving the oils [1] |
| Describe a test to show that olive oil contains unsaturated compounds (they might say ‘contains double bonds’ or ‘contains an alkene’ instead). Give the results of the test [2] | Add bromine water [1] it will go from orange to colourless [1] |
| To change olive oil into margarine, you need to decrease the % unsaturated fat in the oil. Give one reason why. | Any one from: to change the oil into a solid [1] to increase its melting point [1] |
| How do you decrease the % of unsaturated fat in olive oil (or they might say increase the amount of saturation or say turn it into margarine [3] | React olive oil with hydrogen [1] Using a nickel catalyst [1] At a temperature of about 60°C [1] |
| These oils can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen. Does this make the oil healthier or not. Explain your answer [2] | Because hydrogen reduces the number of carbon-carbon double bonds [1] therefore there will be less polyunsaturated fat [1] |
| Describe the conditions used to produce an alkene from an alkane [2] | Alkane is heated and the vapours [1] are passed over a catalyst to produce an alkene [1] |
| Describe the conditions to produce an alcohol from an alkene. [2] | Steam is added to the alkene [1] in the presence of a catalyst to produce the alcohol [1] |
| Describe a test to show that carbon dioxide is produced in this reaction. Give the result of the test. [2] | Add limewater [1] The solution goes from colourless to milky [1]. |
| Give two reasons why the percentage of carbon dioxide decreased in the Earth’s early atmosphere. [3] | Carbon dioxide dissolves in oceans OR marine organisms use dissolved carbon dioxide to form their shells/skeletons OR limestone was formed from the shells/skeleton of marine organisms OR plants absorb carbon dioxide |
| Limestone is heated to make calcium oxide. Calcium oxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium hydroxide. Name the substance. [1] | Water |
| Calcium hydroxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium carbonate. Name the substance. [1] | Carbon dioxide |
| Buildings made from limestone are affected by the products from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur. Explain why. [2] | Because sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide [1] and sulfur dioxide causes acid rain that reacts with limestone [1] |
| What is made when a fuel (eg. methane) burns completely? [2] | Carbon dioxide [1] Water [1] |
| A liquid mixture like salad dressing does not separate. Explain why not, you may include a diagram to help you to answer this question. [3] | Because an emulsion forms [1] the molecules have a ‘hydrophilic end’ which dissolves the water [1] & a ‘hydrophobic end’ which dissolves in the oil [1] |
| Give two advantages of using phytomining to extract a metal ore compared to the traditional method of extracting the ore. [2] | Plants will remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow [1] can release energy for use when plants are burned [1] |
| Suggest one disadvantages of using phytomining compared to a more traditional method. [1] | Supply not continuous as it takes a long time for plants to grow. |
| Describe the steps involved in the fractional distillation of crude oil. [3] | Heat the crude oil to vaporise [1] The vapours condense [1] At different temperatures [1] |
| What are alkanes? [3] | Alkanes are hydrocarbons [1] They have only have carbon-carbon single bonds or you can say they are saturated [1] Formula is CnH2n [1] |
| Describe how volcanic activity leads to the formation of oceans [2] | Water vapour released by volcanic activity [1] condensed to form the oceans [1] |
| How do earthquakes occur? [3] | earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of the Earth’s (tectonic) plates [1] caused by convection currents in the Earth’s mantle [1] caused by radioactive processes within the Earth [1] |
| An atmosphere of argon is often used in reactions involving titanium. Explain why. [2] | Because oxygen in air would react with [name the reactant] [1] whereas argon is unreactive [1] |
| Poly(ethene) molecules are made from ethene molecules by a polymerisation reaction. Describe what happens in a polymerisation reaction. [2] | Many monomers (ethene) [1] bond together [1] |
| Which electrode do metal ions eg copper ions move to? | Metal ions (in this case copper ions) are positive [1] that is why they move towards the negative electrode [1] |
| Alloys are used to make the ballpoint pen. Give two reasons why alloys are used instead of pure metals to make some objects. [2] | They are harder [1] They are more resistant to corrosion |
| What is locked up carbon dioxide? [2] | Carbon dioxide from the air [1] formed (sedimentary) rocks [1] |
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