64792
Description
Flashcards by alexlpeart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alexlpeart
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hows does the prevalence of type II diabetes change with age? | Increased prevalence with age. |
| Describe the differences between Type I and Type II diabetes. | Type I- Early onset, pancreatic beta cells damage so no or little insulin. Type II- Onset gradually during adulthood, metabolic abnormalities, Beta cells less responsive to glucose |
| Give some metabolic abnormalities caused by type II diabetes | Delayed or impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, excessive glucose release from the liver |
| Men/Women have a greater risk of getting type II diabetes. | Women |
| Give three methods of measuring glucose tolerance and give the main outline of each of them. | Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, measures glucose required to compensate for know increase in insulin. Oral glucose tolerance test, 75g of glucose given and plasma glucose levels monitored for 2 hours. Homeostatic model assessment, fasting blood glucose taken and analysed. |
| Describe the effect exercise on glucose uptake. | Exercise increase glucose uptake significantly increase, and is a dose linked response. |
| Describe the effect exercise on glucose uptake. | Exercise increase glucose uptake significantly increase, and is a dose linked response. |
| What does AICAR do? How has it been shown that the action of AICAR dosen't require PI3 Kinase | AICAR is a drug we give to activate AMPK. Experiments have found that AMKP activated translocation of GLUT 4 does not require PI3 Kinase by giving subjects wortmannin which inhibits the action of PI3 Kinase. They found insulin GLUT 4 translocation was lower while AMPK was slightly higher. |
| Describe the mechanism where by GLUT 4 is translated to the cells surface after muscle contraction. | Contraction releases calcium ions and AMP. this leads to AMPK being activated which in turn activates TBC1D4 (or AS160). These cause RAB-GDP to be converted to RAB-GTP which causes translocation of the GLUT 4. |
| what effect does exercise have on glycogen synthase? | Increases its activity. |
| What is the effect of nitric oxide on GLUT 4? | Causes translocation as a result of exercise. |
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