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Description
Flashcards by Shareef Akbari, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shareef Akbari
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the cell walls of plants made of? | Cellulose |
| Where is lignin deposited in lignified cells? | Inside the first wall |
| What are pits? | Areas with a thin primary wall and no secondary lignin wall |
| What is the function of parenchyma cells? | 1. Food Storage 2. Photosynthesis 3. Secretion 4. Wound healing |
| What are collenchyma cells? What is their function? | Elongated cells with unevenly thickened, non-lignified primary walls beneath epidermis in stems, petioles and around veins in eudicots. They are supporting cells. |
| What are Sclerenchyma cells? | Cells with lignin that support plants. |
| What does the xylem transport? | Water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. |
| Which evolved first, Tracheids or vessel elements? How do we know this? | Tracheids. They're present in all vascular plants, while vessel elements only present in angiosperms, Welwitschia and Gnetum. |
| What is the function of the phloem? | Transports phloem sap down to the roots, containing water, sugar, amino acids, hormones, proteins, viruses etc. |
| What are the two cell types that make up the phloem? Which is the boss? | Companion cell and sieve tube element. Companion cell. |
| Are sieve tube elements lignified? | No. |
| How are sieve tube elements connected? | Through sieve plates, which are formed from plasmodesmata. |
| What is the function of the root? | 1. Anchors plant into soil 2. Absorbs and transports H2O and minerals 3. Stores food 4. Produces hormones and 2ndary metabolites |
| How is the primary root different in monocots and dicots? | Monocots: fibrous roots arising from stem dicots: tap root straight down. |
| What is the root cap? What is its function? | Parenchyma cells that cover the tip of the root. Protects apical meristem, secretes mucigel for lubrication and contains cells that have startch crystals and tells the clant which was is down. |
| What are root hairs? What are their functions? Where are they? | Small projections of epidermal cells produced near root tips. Increase the surface area of the root to absorb water and minerals. Region of maturation. |
| What region is behind the meristem? | Region of elongation and region of maturation? |
| What is the endodermis? | Surrounds the vascular cylinder in the root. |
| What is the function of the cortex in the root? | Storage for starch |
| What are the general functions of stem? | 1. Support 2. Conduction 3. Carrying leaves and buds |
| What are the three meristems in plants and what do they turn into? | 1. Protoderm: epidermis 2. Ground meristem: Cortex 3. Procambrien: vascular bundles |
| Which side of the procambrian is the xylem? | inside |
| What happens to the procambrium in herbaceous species and woody species? | 1. Disappears 2. becomes vascular cambrium |
| What are rays in wood? | Parenchyma cells formed by interfasicular cambrium |
| What does secondary growth crush? | Phloem, cortex and epidermis |
| What is wood? | Accumulation of 2ndary xylem year after year |
| Does conifer wood have vessels? | No, resin ducts |
| Does angiosperm wood have vessels? | Yes and tracheids |
| What is the leaf trace gap? | Gap formed by vascular bundles from stems being diverted to the leaf |
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