7586745
Description
Flashcards by CiNa Hicks, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by CiNa Hicks
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The 4 most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things? | Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen |
| what are inorganic molecules? | Any substance that doesn't contain carbon (except for oxides and carbonits) |
| what is an organic compound? | Contains two or more atoms of carbon |
| what are the main types of carbon? | carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acids. |
| What are carbon's bonding properties? | Long chains Extremely stable - allows for the basic building blocks Infinite number of compounds Can form rings Can form single, double and triple. |
| What is the simplest form of an organic molecule? | Hydrocarbon the largest family of organic molecules that are composed of hydrogen atoms bonded to a chain of carbon atoms - methane hydrocarbon is covalent |
| Explain carbohydrates? | composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, all carbs contain C, H, O formula: (CH20)n many are used for energy or structural purpose |
| what are lipids? | composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Less O then carbs Long term energy storage important components of cell membranes lipid example: triglycerides, steroids, waxes and phospholipids |
| what is the difference between animal fats and plant fats? | animal fat (saturated) are soil at room temp plant fat (unsaturated) are liquid at room temp |
| what are proteins? | composed nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. All have N some proteins also contain S in R-groups composed of one or more chains of amino acids. distinguished by their 'R' groups. |
| what are nucleic acids? | composed nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and phosphorus. composed of nucleic tides each nucleotide contains a base, sugar and a phosphate. |
| what is the base of DNA? | sugar is deoxyribose (DNA) it ribose (RNA) base: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Uracil substitutes for thymine in RNA |
| what is an amino acid molecule? | composed of an amine (NH2) group, a carboxyl (COOH) group, and an R group. 20 amino acids exist that compose all proteins Each amino acid differs because the R groups are different. |
| what is in a Glucose molecule? | A reducing sugar that contains C6H12O6 most commonly found in a ringed structure and is the main product formed by photosynthesis Energy molecule used in aerobic respiration. a monomer of starch, cellulose |
| what is in a Ribose molecule? | Pentose sugar of RNA and RUBO (Calvin cycle) CH5O105 differs from deoxyribose (sugar in DNA) because it has an extra -oh group on the 2nd carbon of the ring |
| What is in a fatty acid molecule? | the main component of triglycerides and phospholipids. non-polar, therefore hydrophobic covalently bonded. saturated - single bonds with hydrogen unsaturated - double bond/s. |
| What are monosaccharides? | glucose ribose fructose galacotose |
| what are disaccharides? | sucrose maltose lactose |
| What is the metabolism? | set of life-sustaining chemical reactions is catalysed by enzymes. reactions occur in the cytoplasm, some are extracellular in digestion |
| what is anabolism? Condensation synthesis | Release H2O monomers link together (anabolized) to form polymers |
| Condensation synthesis with monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides | repeated additions of monosaccharides produce a polysaccharide. links two monosaccharide monomers forming one disaccharide molecule and one H2O molecule. |
| condensation synthesis of fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides | 3 separate condensation synthesis reacts 3 fatty acid monomers to a single glycerol monomer forming one triglyceride molecule and 3 H2O molecules. |
| condensation synthesis of amino acids and polypeptides. | two amino acid monomers are linked to form a dipeptide releasing one H2O molecule repeated condensation synthesis reactions produce polypeptides (proteins) |
| what is catabolism? | The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. Energy is released. |
| what is hydrolysis? | catalysed by enzymes. polymers are broken down (catabolized) into monomers (digestion) with H2O used as a source of H and OH group. |
| Hydrolysis of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. | catalysed by enzymes. Polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides with H2O molecules used as a source of H and OH groups. |
| Hydrolysis of fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides. | Catalysed by enzymes. Triglyceride is broken down into one glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules with 3 H2O molecules used as a source of H and OH groups |
| Hydrolysis of amino acids and polypeptides. | Catalyzed by enzymes. Polypeptide is broken down into seperate amino acids with H2O molecules used as a source of H and OH groups |
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