8301447
Description
Flashcards by Isabel Barbero, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isabel Barbero
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Benefits of exercise... | - Social - Mental - Physical |
| Influences on involvement in physical activity... | - Cultural - Health & Well-being - Image - People - Socio-economic - Resources |
| Sporting initiatives | - Top Link - Start-Stay-Succeed - Sports Equipment |
| Government Initiative PESSCL (PE School Sport & Club Link) | - aim to increase opportunities for 5-16 year olds - strengthen links between schools and local sports clubs - development of the school sports partnership |
| Fitness | The ability to meet the demands of the environment |
| Health | State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of ideas or infirmity |
| Exercise | Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical exercise |
| Health Related Components of Fitness | - Cardiovascular Fitness - Muscular Strength - Muscular Endurance - Flexibility - Body Composition |
| Skill Related Components of Fitness | - Power - Coordination - Reaction Time - Agility - Balance - Speed |
| Methods of Training | - Cross - Circuit - Weight - Interval - Continuous - Fartlek |
| Aerobic | - Oxygen - Long distance runners |
| Anaerobic | - No oxygen - Sprinters |
| Components of a Healthy Diet | - Carbohydrates - Protein - Fat - Vitamins - Minerals - Water - Fibre |
| Macro Nutrients | Needed in large amounts in your diet e.g. carbohydrates, fat, protein |
| Micro Nutrients | Needed in small amounts in your diet e.g. vitamins & minerals |
| Ectomorph | - Tall - Thin - Narrow shoulders and hips e.g. high jumpers, long distance runners |
| Mesomorph | - Muscular physique - Wide shoulders, narrow hips e.g. sprinters, swimmers, rowers |
| Endomorph | - Short - Dumpy - Narrow shoulders, wide hips e.g. sumo wrestlers |
| Principles of Training | - Individual needs - Specificity - Progressive Overload |
| SMART Targets | - Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Realistic - Time-bound |
| Optimum Weight | The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of their sport |
| Anabolic Steroids | - Increase muscle mass But... - Increase blood pressure |
| Beta Blockers | - Lower heart rate - calming effect But... - Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels |
| Stimulants | - Increases alertness But... - insomnia, high blood pressure |
| Diuretics | - Increase rate of urination, lose weight faster - masking agent But... - Dehydration |
| EPO (Peptide Hormones) | - Increase number of red blood cells, increase body capacity to carry oxygen But... - Increased risk of blood clots |
| Narcotic Analgesics | - Reduce the feeling of pain But... - Make injured worse |
| Recreational Drugs | - Alcohol can calm & nicotine can increase alertness as can caffeine But... - Increased risk of cancer, alcohol and caffeine can cause dehydration |
| Heart Rate | Number of times the heart beats per minute |
| Stroke Volume | The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute |
| Blood pressure | Force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls |
| Cholesterol | Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in two forms (HDL/LDL) |
| Alveoli | Air sacs where gaseous exchange takes place |
| Tidal Volume | The amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath |
| Vital Capacity | The amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum inhalation and exhalation |
| Oxygen Debt | The extra oxygen consumed during recovery compared to that consumed at rest |
| Flexion | Angle at the joint is getting smaller |
| Extension | Angle at the joint is getting bigger |
| Abduction | Movement away from the body |
| Adduction | Movement towards the body |
| Rotation | Movement around the joint |
| Plantar Flexion | Pointing toes downwards |
| Doris Flexion | Toes pointing upwards |
| Bicep | Flexion at the elbow |
| Triceps | Extension at the elbow |
| Deltoids | Abduction at the shoulder |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Adduction at the shoulder |
| Pectorals | Adduction and rotation at the shoulder |
| Trapezius | Rotation of the scapular |
| Abdominals | Flexion of the trunk |
| Gluteals | Extension at the hip |
| Quadriceps | Extension at the knee |
| Hamstrings | Flexion at the knee |
| Gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion |
| Types of joint: Ball & Socket | - allow the bone to move round a 360 degree angle - allows flacon, extension, abduction, adduction & rotation - e.g. shoulder & hip joint |
| Types of joint: Hinge | - allow movement backward & forward - Flexion & extension - e.g. knee joint, elbow joint & fingers |
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