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| Question | Answer |
| Bone Markings | Irregularities found on above e.g. projections or depressions |
| Functions of bone markings | - Strengthens bone - Provide passages through the bone (conduits for blood vessels + nerves) - Promote bone to bone articulations - Provide attachment site for muscle/ligaments + tendons - Provide surface landmarks |
| Projections (muscle + ligament attachment) | Trochanter Tuberosity Tubercle Crest Line Epicondyle Spine Process |
| Trochanter | Very large, rounded projection e.g. Femur |
| Projections (assist in articulation) | Head Facet Condyle Ramus |
| Depressions | Groove Fissure Foramen Notch Meatus Sinus Fossa |
| Tuberosity | Smaller, rounded, usually rough projection e.g. raduis and ulna |
| Tubercle | Small, rounded process e.g. humerus |
| Crest | Prominent, narrow ridge e.g. pelvis - iliac crest |
| Epicondyle | Projection above condyle e.g. humerus/femur |
| Spine | Sharp, slender, pointd projection e.g. scapula |
| Process | Any bony projection e.g. vertebrae - spinous process |
| Head | Rounded articular expansion on a narrow neck e.g. humerus/femus |
| Facet | Smooth, nearly flat e.g. rib and on vertebral bone |
| Condyle | Rounded, knuckle-shaped e.g. femur/humerus |
| Ramus | Arm-like extension making an angle w/ rest of structure e.g. mandible |
| Groove | A furrow that accommodates a soft structure like blood vessels e.g. mandible |
| Fissure | A narrow slit between adjacent bones, forming a passageway for blood vessels and nerves e.g. skull |
| Foraman | Rounded passageway/opening for blood vessels or nerves e.g. skull |
| Notch | Indentation at edge e.g. radial notch of the ulna |
| Meatus | A canal passageway within a bone e.g. skull |
| Sinus | Cavity within bone filled with air and mucous e.g. nose |
| Fossa | Shallow, basin-like depression e.g. scapula |
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