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| Question | Answer |
| _____ are more likely to be physically bullied, but _____ are more likely to be psychologically bullied | Boys - Girls |
| "Withdrawn, weak, but do not invite aggression" - describes what type of bullying victim | Passive victim |
| "Irritate peers, fight back unsuccessfully" - describes what type of bullying victim | Proactive victim |
| What were the three aims of the KiVa program, prior to its administration | 1) promote social skills 2) increase empathy 3) affect norms and behaviour |
| What does the KiVa program aim to do in bullying victims? | Not change them, make them less vulnerable |
| Name some KiVa principles | 1) make victims less vulnerable 2) influence classmates to reduce payoffs for bullying 3) make the victim feel helped and heard 4) confront bullies for their unacceptable behaviour |
| What does the 'Universal' component of the KiVa program mean? | Across all children - taught 90min activities, high visibility vests, posters, websites, and assemblies |
| What does the 'Indicated' component of the KiVa program mean? | To tackle incidents of reported bullying (that meet the KiVa criteria for bullying). Scripted interviews are used for meetings with bullys and victims. Peer support. |
| Outline the Kiva Program and explain how it reduces bullying in schools | To reduce bullying, affect norms and behaviour, by using two components; Universal and Indicated; with activities to increase empathy and reduce payoffs for bullying |
| What are the requirements for interventions in children's health | 1) should connect with child's psychology 2) should demonstrate strong evidence base 3) should actually change behaviour |
| What are some benefits of eating a diet rich in fruit and vege | 1) Decrease risk of type 2 diabetes and heart conditions 2) protect against asthma 3) support brain development and enhance cognitive function 3) increase concentration. energy levels and motivation |
| Kevin is 5 years old and is bullied. Children stand and watch as he is bullied. Karl beats Kevin many times. No one intervenes. What would the KiVa program suggest to do | Intervene and make sure that the bullying is not tolerated. Reduce payoff from reinforcement. Then invite the bully and the victim in for a structured interview, where the victim is assured they will be looked after and the bully is told there will be serious consequences |
| Name at least 3 reasons children don't eat fruit and vege | 1) Lower preference for bitter / sour tasting foods 2) obesogenic environment 3) mass-market culture 4) power of branding |
| Name and describe the 3 key psychological principles underlying all food dudes programmes | 1) role modelling 2) rewards 3) repeated tasting |
| There are two types of characters in the Food Dudes programme, what are their names? | 1) the Food Dudes 2) the Junk Punks |
| What happens in the intensive phase of the Food Dudes programme | Children are given a pair of fruit and vege (e.g., a melon slice and red cabbage) |
| What is the 'primary measure' in the Food Dudes programme? | Children's consumption of food is observed directly; there are trained observers, photographs and later coding, as well as blind coding / inter-relater reliability checks |
| What is the 'secondary measure' in the Food Dudes programme | This includes 1) parental and teacher questionnaires 2) online data capture 3) catering orders |
| Why does the Food Dudes programme work? | 1) Children discover that F and V are intrinsically rewarding, and develop a preference 2) it changes the culture of schools to promote healthy eating 3) children see themselves as 'fruit and vegetable eaters' |
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