9635639
Description
Flashcards by Julia David, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Julia David
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Functional Group | a specific group of atoms that allows a molecule to react differently or have special properties |
| the function of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups | contribute to the water solubility of a molecule |
| hydroxyl group structure | -OH |
| carbonyl group structure | C=O |
| Carbonyl functional group examples | Aldehyde and Ketone |
| Aldehyde group | where the carbonyl group (C=O) is at the end with a hydrogen atom. |
| Ketone group | C=O group is in the middle of the molecule |
| What do sugar molecules all have? | carbonyl groups either ketone or aldehyde |
| Ether | R-O-R' Where oxygen is in the middle (connected to two carbon chains) |
| Ethers are common linkages in ____ | carbohydrates and lignin |
| the function of carboxyl groups | -COOH or -COO Weak ACIDS dissociating partially to release hydrogen ions |
| Alcohol | R-OH Carbon chain connected to a hydroxyl group |
| Ester | R-COO-R' commonly formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol + produces water. |
| What happens to the hydrogen atom in an Ester? | It is replaced by either hydrocarbon group: - Alkyl group (methyl or ethyl) - benzene ring (phenyl) |
| the function of amino groups | -NH BASES contain nitrogen and may be ionized by the addition of a hydrogen ion, forming positive charges |
| Carboxyl functional group examples | Carboxylic acid and ester (also amides but it is an amino too) |
| Hydroxyl functional group examples | Alcohol (also carboxylic acid but it is a carboxyl) |
| Amino group examples | 1. Amine 2. Amide |
| Amine | R-NH2 |
| Amide | R-CONH cells link together amino acids with an amide (peptide) bond |
| Sulfur group examples | thiol, sulfide, disulfide |
| function of sulfur groups | sulfur is found mainly in proteins in the form of these groups |
| sulfhydryl or thiol | R-SH |
| disulfide | R-S-S |
| sulfide | R-S |
| function of phosphate group | phosphorus occurs mainly as this acidic group found in DNA, RNA, and certain lipids |
| phosphate | R-PO4 (phosphorus has a valence of 5) |
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