12103207
Description
Mind Map by Nadeen Adi, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nadeen Adi
almost 7 years ago
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GERD
- Anatomy of esophagus
- Histology
- Blood supply
- Arteries
- Cervical part by Inferior thyroid
- Thoracic part by Descending aorta
- Abdominal part by Left gastric
and Left Inferior Phrenic arteries
- Cervical part by Inferior thyroid
- Veins
- Abdominal: Left gastric of potral system
+ inf. venacava and inf. hemiazygos
- Cervical part- Inferior
thyroid vein
- Thoracic part- Azygos
and hemiazygos
- Abdominal: Left gastric of potral system
+ inf. venacava and inf. hemiazygos
- Arteries
- Innervation
- Parasympathetic
- vagus and recurrent
laryngeal nerves
- vagus and recurrent
laryngeal nerves
- Sympathetic
- T4-T6
- T4-T6
- Parasympathetic
- Histology
- Phases of swallowing
- Causes of dysphagia
- Achalasia. Diffuse spasm. Esophageal
stricture. Esophageal tumors. Foreign
bodies. Esophageal ring. Gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). Eosinophilic
esophagitis. Radiation therapy.
- Achalasia. Diffuse spasm. Esophageal
stricture. Esophageal tumors. Foreign
bodies. Esophageal ring. Gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). Eosinophilic
esophagitis. Radiation therapy.
- Causes of Chest discomfort
- Myocardial infarction
Angina , Pleuritis
Pneumonia , rib fracture
Shingles, Peptic ulcers,
GERD
- Myocardial infarction
Angina , Pleuritis
Pneumonia , rib fracture
Shingles, Peptic ulcers,
GERD
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
occurs when stomach acid frequently flows
back into the esophagus. This acid reflux
can irritate the lining of the esophagus
- Pathophysiology
- Abnormal lower esophageal sphincter
- Causes
- Hypotensive LES
- Inadequate response to increased
intraabdominal pressure
- TLESR (transient lower
esophageal sphincter relaxation)
- Hypotensive LES
- Sliding hiatal hernia
- Abnormal lower esophageal sphincter
- Complications
- Ulcers
- Strictures
- Respiratory problems
- Barrett's esophagus
- At least 1 cm of metaplastic columnar epithelium that replaces the
stratified squamous epithelium normally lining the distal esophagus
- At least 1 cm of metaplastic columnar epithelium that replaces the
stratified squamous epithelium normally lining the distal esophagus
- Ulcers
- Signs & Symptoms
- Heartburn , Dysphagia , Belching ,
Bad Breath , Erosion of the enamel
of the teeth , Regurgitation ,
Cough and Asthma
- Heartburn , Dysphagia , Belching ,
Bad Breath , Erosion of the enamel
of the teeth , Regurgitation ,
Cough and Asthma
- Investigations
- upper GI series
- upper endoscopy
- 24-hour esophageal pH study
- esophageal
impedance
testing
- upper GI series
- Predisposing factors
- Alcohol, Chocolate,
Obesity, Pregnancy,
Hiatal hernia
- Alcohol, Chocolate,
Obesity, Pregnancy,
Hiatal hernia
- Pharmacological management
- Antacids
- Antisecretory
drugs
- H2-receptor
antagonists
(cimetidine)
- Acid/Proton-pump
inhibitors (omeprazole)
- Muscarinic M1 receptor antagonists
- Prostaglandin analogues
- H2-receptor
antagonists
(cimetidine)
- Cytoprotective
drugs (colloidal
bismuth, sucralfate)
- both a cyto-protective and
anti-secretory action (misoprostol)
- Antacids
- Surgical
Treatment
- Fundoplication
- Transoral
Incisionless
Fundoplication
- LINX Reflux
Management System
- Fundoplication
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