Jaundice

Definition
1. a yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and of the white of the eyes caused by elevated levels of the chemical bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
  1. Distruction of RBCs and reading the
    1. Haem
      1. Synthesis
      2. Degradation
        Lead to formation of
        Bilirubin
        Bilirubin formation
        Transportation
        hepatic uptake
        conjugation
        biliary excretion
Types
1. Pre hepatic
  1. Transfusion reactions
  2. sickle cell anemia
  3. autoimmune diseases
2. Post hepatic
  1. Gallstones
  2. tumors
3. Hepatic
  1. cancer
  2. cirrhosis
  3. congenital disorders
    1. Crigler najjar syndrome
    2. Gilbert’s syndrome
    3. Dubin Johnson syndrome
  4. Anatomy of the hepatobilliary system
4. Obstructive
5. Hemolytic
Sign and symptoms
1. Kernicterus
  1. abdominal pain
    1. dark urine
      1. what causes change in the color to
        Red or pink
        hemorrhage
        Orange
        sulfasalazine
        Blue or green
        cobalt
        loudy or murky
        kidney stones
Viral Hepatitis
1. Types
  1. A,B,C,D,E
2. hazardous occupations related to disease transmitted by blood transfusion
  1. surgeons
  2. dentists
  3. nurses
3. Sign and symptoms
  1. fever and malaise
  2. painful hepatomegaly
  3. serum sickness prodrome
  4. vasculitis
  5. urticaria, polyarthritis
4. Phases
  1. prodrome
  2. jaundice
  3. recovery
5. Epidemiology
  1. HCV = 1% in the Arabian gulf region
6. Investigations
  1. Blood Tests
    1. Gamma GT
    2. Alkaline phosphatase
    3. Liver function tests
7. management and prevention
  1. Treatment
    1. Lamivudine
    2. Adefovir
    3. Entecavir
    4. Pegylated interferons
  2. Vaccination
  3. Prophylaxis
    1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis
    2. Post-exposure prophylaxis
8. Prognosis
  1. A and E generally resolve
  2. Fulminant hepatitis rare
    1. Pregnancy

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Jaundice

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	Created by Eslam Ebrahim almost 7 years ago