Acute Abdomen

Definition
1. Sudden, severe abdominal pain
Causes
1. Acute appendicitis
2. Acute peptic ulcer and its complications
3. Acute intestinal ischemia
4. Acute cholecystitis
5. Ovarian torsion
6. Acute peritonitis
7. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
8. Kidney Stones
9. Pancritits
Also caused by
1. Acute pancreatitis
  1. Pancreatic Secretory function
    1. Exocrine
      1. Stimulated by chyme in the upper part of the small intestine
        Digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrates and fats
        Acini
        Aqueous component bicarbonates ions and water
        Epithelial cells of the ducts
    2. Endocrine
      1. Secretion of hormones directly into the blood
  2. causes
    1. Alcoholism
    2. Gall stones
    3. Medications (thiazides)
    4. Hypertriglyceridemia
    5. hypercalcemia
    6. Infections: mumps, coxackie, CMV
    7. Genes: PRSS1, SPINK1
  3. Pathophysiology
  4. Sign & symptoms
    1. Upper abdominal pain
      1. Fever
        Rapid pulse
        Nausea & vomiting
        Tenderness when touching the abdomen
  5. complications
    1. SIRS
      1. Pseudocyst
        Infected pancreatic necrosis
        Adenocarcinoma
        DIC + ARDS
  6. Lab investigations
    1. Serum amylase
      1. Serum lipase & SIT
        Decreased fecal elastase
        Neutrophilic leukocytosis
  7. Other investigations
    1. MRI
    2. ERCP
  8. Management
    1. nutritional support
      1. fluid resuscitation
        pain control
        Surgery
Anatomy of the pancreas
Histology of the pancreas
innervation od the abdomen

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Acute Abdomen

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	Created by Eslam Ebrahim over 6 years ago