1294263
Description
Mind Map by dpacheco_dpl, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by dpacheco_dpl
about 10 years ago
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IB Physics
- Measurements
- Uncertainties
- Sum and diference:
- Sum of the absolute
uncertainties
- Sum of the absolute
uncertainties
- Product and Quotient
- Addition of the
percentage
uncertainties
- Addition of the
percentage
uncertainties
- Powers and roots
- The product of the
exponent and the
percentage uncertainty
- The product of the
exponent and the
percentage uncertainty
- Sum and diference:
- Types of
error
- Systematic: due to
system or apparatus
- Random: due to
uncontrollable factors
- Systematic: due to
system or apparatus
- Vectors
- Physical
quantities with
magnitude and
direction
- Physical
quantities with
magnitude and
direction
- Scalars
- Physical quantities
with only magnitude
- Physical quantities
with only magnitude
- Uncertainties
- Mechanics
- Kinematics
- Uniform motion
- linear trajectory and
constant velocity
- Velocity is the rate of change
of position
- linear trajectory and
constant velocity
- Uniformly
accelerated
motion
- Acceleration
- change of velocity
per unit time
- change of velocity
per unit time
- Linear trajectory and
constant acceleration
- Acceleration
- Uniform motion
- Forces and
dynamics
- Force
- First Law of
Newton
- An object will remain in its
state of motion, at rest or with
constant velocity, unless and
external unbalanced force is
applied to it
- An object will remain in its
state of motion, at rest or with
constant velocity, unless and
external unbalanced force is
applied to it
- Second Law of Newton
- The acceleration of an object is
inversely proportional to its
mass and directly proportional
to the net force applied to it
- The force applied on an
object is the rate of
change of momentum
- Momentum = mass times velocity
- Impulse is the change of
momentum or the force applied on
an object times the time interval in
which it is applied.
- Conservation of momentum
- The momentum of an isolated
system remains constant
- The momentum of an isolated
system remains constant
- Impulse is the change of
momentum or the force applied on
an object times the time interval in
which it is applied.
- Momentum = mass times velocity
- The acceleration of an object is
inversely proportional to its
mass and directly proportional
to the net force applied to it
- Third law of Newton
- When an object exerts a
force on another object, the
second object will expert a
force equal in magnitude but
in opposite direction to the
first object
- When an object exerts a
force on another object, the
second object will expert a
force equal in magnitude but
in opposite direction to the
first object
- First Law of
Newton
- Force
- Work, energy
and power
- Energy is the ability to do work
- Work is transfer of Energy
- Power is the rate at which
work is done or rate at
which energy is transferded
- Work = force times
the displacement of
an object
- Power is the rate at which
work is done or rate at
which energy is transferded
- Potential energy =
force of gravity times
hight of an object
- Kinetic energy =
(1/2)(m)(v^2)
- Conservation on energy
- Ideal
- Energy is not lost by
heat to surrounding
- Energy is not lost by
heat to surrounding
- Not ideal
- Energy is lost as heat
to the surroundings
- Energy is lost as heat
to the surroundings
- Ideal
- Work is transfer of Energy
- Energy is the ability to do work
- Uniform
circular motion
- Centripetal acceleration:
acceleration towards the center
- Centripetal acceleration =
(v^2)/(radius)
- Centripetal force: sum of
all forces towards the
center.
- Centripetal force: sum of
all forces towards the
center.
- Centripetal acceleration =
(v^2)/(radius)
- Angular displacement: Change
of angle during a rotation
- Angular velocity: angular
displacement over time
- Frequency: number of
revolutions per unit time
- Time is the time
needed for one
revolution
- Time is the time
needed for one
revolution
- Frequency: number of
revolutions per unit time
- Angular velocity: angular
displacement over time
- Centripetal acceleration:
acceleration towards the center
- Kinematics
- Thermal
- Heat (Q) is the transfer of
energy
- Change of temperature
- Heat capacity (C) is the energy
needed to raise the temperature
of an object by 1º C
- Specific heat capacity (c) is the energy
needed to raise the temperature of a
material by 1ºC per 1 kg of the material
- c=(heat)/(mass times change of temperature)
- c=(heat)/(mass times change of temperature)
- Specific heat capacity (c) is the energy
needed to raise the temperature of a
material by 1ºC per 1 kg of the material
- Change of phase
- Latent heat capacity: energy needed
to change of phase per unit mass
- Latent heat of fusion (Lf): energy
needed to change from solid to
liquid per unit mass
- Latent heat of
evaporation:
energy needed to
change from
liquid to gas per
unit mass
- Latent heat of
evaporation:
energy needed to
change from
liquid to gas per
unit mass
- Latent heat of fusion (Lf): energy
needed to change from solid to
liquid per unit mass
- Evaporation
- Boiling
- Happens only at boiling point and
in all molecules of the object
- Happens only at boiling point and
in all molecules of the object
- Happens all the time and only
in molecules of the surface
- Boiling
- Latent heat capacity: energy needed
to change of phase per unit mass
- Heat capacity (C) is the energy
needed to raise the temperature
of an object by 1º C
- Heat (Q) is the transfer of
energy
- Oscillations and waves
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Conditions: Acceleration must be
proportional to the displacement
from equilibrium position and
acceleration is always directed
toward equilibrium point
- When starting at maximum
negative, displacement is
negative; velocity is positive,
but zero; and acceleration is
at its maximum.
- When starting from maximum
positive, displacement is
positive; velocity is negative
and zero; acceleration is at its
maximum
- When starting from maximum
positive, displacement is
positive; velocity is negative
and zero; acceleration is at its
maximum
- Characteristics
- Amplitude: maximum displacement
of the object from eq. position; Eq.
position: position when the system
is at rest; Time period: time it takes
for one cycle; Frequency: number of
cycles per unit time.
- Amplitude: maximum displacement
of the object from eq. position; Eq.
position: position when the system
is at rest; Time period: time it takes
for one cycle; Frequency: number of
cycles per unit time.
- When starting at maximum
negative, displacement is
negative; velocity is positive,
but zero; and acceleration is
at its maximum.
- Conditions: Acceleration must be
proportional to the displacement
from equilibrium position and
acceleration is always directed
toward equilibrium point
- Waves: disturbance that
propagates through a medium
- Pulse: when
disturbance is just once
- Traveling wave: continuous
disturbance that propagates
energy
- Stationary: static; they do
not propagate energy
- Transversal:
Displacement of medium
is perpendicular to the
propagation of energy
- Longitudinal: Displacement
of medium is parallel to the
propagation of energy
- sound
- Velocity: around 340 m/s;
cannot be polarized; can be
difracted in big openings;
refraction: more in solids
- Velocity: around 340 m/s;
cannot be polarized; can be
difracted in big openings;
refraction: more in solids
- sound
- Light
- Speed = 3x10^8 m/s; can be
polarized; can be difracted; can
be reflected; can be refracted
- Speed = 3x10^8 m/s; can be
polarized; can be difracted; can
be reflected; can be refracted
- Longitudinal: Displacement
of medium is parallel to the
propagation of energy
- Stationary: static; they do
not propagate energy
- Traveling wave: continuous
disturbance that propagates
energy
- Characteristics
- Amplitude: Maximum displacement of the
medium from eq. point; period: time for one
cycle to pass through a point; frequency: number of
cycles that pass through a point per unit
time; wavelength: distance bewteen two
consecutive crests in phase; wavespeed:
speed of propagation of a wave.
- Properties
- Reflection
- When the wave hits a
different medium, the wave
bounces back
- When the wave hits a
different medium, the wave
bounces back
- Refraction
- when a wave
passes to another
medium
- when a wave
passes to another
medium
- Difraction
- When a wave
encounters an
obstacle
- When a wave
encounters an
obstacle
- Reflection
- Amplitude: Maximum displacement of the
medium from eq. point; period: time for one
cycle to pass through a point; frequency: number of
cycles that pass through a point per unit
time; wavelength: distance bewteen two
consecutive crests in phase; wavespeed:
speed of propagation of a wave.
- Pulse: when
disturbance is just once
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Electric current
- Electric current: amount of charges
per unit time
- Electric potential difference: work
done to move a charge from one point
to another point per unit charge
- Electron Volt:
Energy needed to
move an electron
through a p.d. of 1
volt.
- Energy & Power
- e.m.f.: Chemical
energy converted to
electric energy per unit
charge
- p.d.: Electric energy
converted to thermal
energy per unit charge
- Power delivered: amount of
chemical energy converted
to electric energy per unit
time
- Power dissipated: amount
of electric energy
converted to thermal per
unit time
- Power dissipated: amount
of electric energy
converted to thermal per
unit time
- Power delivered: amount of
chemical energy converted
to electric energy per unit
time
- p.d.: Electric energy
converted to thermal
energy per unit charge
- e.m.f.: Chemical
energy converted to
electric energy per unit
charge
- Electron Volt:
Energy needed to
move an electron
through a p.d. of 1
volt.
- Ohm's Law: The electric
current through an ohmic
conductor is directly
proportional to the p.d. across
it, remaining temperature and
other physical quantities
constant.
- Voltage = Current times
resistance
- Resistance: The
ability of an object
to opose a flow of
current
- Resistivity: Ability of
a material to opose
a flow of current
- Resistivity: Ability of
a material to opose
a flow of current
- Resistance: The
ability of an object
to opose a flow of
current
- Conductors
- Copper, salty water,
grafite, silver,
plasma, minerals
- Copper, salty water,
grafite, silver,
plasma, minerals
- Insulators
- Pure water,
plastic, dry
wood, air
- Pure water,
plastic, dry
wood, air
- Voltage = Current times
resistance
- Circuits
- Parallel
- Equivalent resistance= sum
of all resistances in a circuit
- Voltage = the sum of all
voltages
- Current is equal in all the
circuit
- Current is equal in all the
circuit
- Voltage = the sum of all
voltages
- Equivalent resistance= sum
of all resistances in a circuit
- Series
- Equivalent resistance=
(1) / [(1/r1)+(1/r2)]
- Voltage is equal in all
the circuit
- Total current = sum of all
currents
- Total current = sum of all
currents
- Voltage is equal in all
the circuit
- Equivalent resistance=
(1) / [(1/r1)+(1/r2)]
- Mixed
- Form parallel and
series circuits
from the farthest
to closest
- Form parallel and
series circuits
from the farthest
to closest
- Parallel
- Electric potential difference: work
done to move a charge from one point
to another point per unit charge
- Electric current: amount of charges
per unit time
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