15106399
Syringomyelia
- Anatomy of spinal cord
- The ventricular system
- is a set of four interconnected
cavities (ventricles) in the brain,
where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
produced. Within each ventricle is a
region of choroid plexus.
- Formation of CSF
- The cerebrospinal fluid is produced
by the choroid plexus of the
ventricles, which is a network of
capillaries with fenestrated
endothelial cells and specialized
ependymal cells.
- The cerebrospinal fluid is produced
by the choroid plexus of the
ventricles, which is a network of
capillaries with fenestrated
endothelial cells and specialized
ependymal cells.
- is a set of four interconnected
cavities (ventricles) in the brain,
where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
produced. Within each ventricle is a
region of choroid plexus.
- Ascending & descending tracts
- Motor Pathway
- Pyramidal System
- Corticospinal tract
- Voluntary, skilled,
discrete movements.
- UMN
- Neurons of the cerebral cortex in motor areas
(pyramidal cells) giving descending fibers →
converge in corona radiate →pass through
posterior limb of internal capsule →fibers
descend through basis pedunculi of the
midbrain →then through pyramids of medulla.
- Neurons of the cerebral cortex in motor areas
(pyramidal cells) giving descending fibers →
converge in corona radiate →pass through
posterior limb of internal capsule →fibers
descend through basis pedunculi of the
midbrain →then through pyramids of medulla.
- LMN
- Anterior
horn of the
spinal cord
- Anterior
horn of the
spinal cord
- Voluntary, skilled,
discrete movements.
- Corticospinal tract
- Pyramidal System
- Sensory Pathways
- Posterior
white column
- Posterior (dorsal)
spinocerebellar
- Anterior (ventral)
spinocerebellar
- Lateral Spinothalamic
- Anterior Spinothalamic
- Posterior
white column
- Motor Pathway
- Reflexes
- A reflex is an
involuntary and
instantaneous
movement in
response to a
stimulus.
- Components
- 1. Stimulus
2. Sensory receptor
3. Sensory
(afferent) neuron
4. CNS integration
5. Efferent (motor)
neuron 6. Effector
(target tissue)
7. Response
(movement)
- 1. Stimulus
2. Sensory receptor
3. Sensory
(afferent) neuron
4. CNS integration
5. Efferent (motor)
neuron 6. Effector
(target tissue)
7. Response
(movement)
- Classified by
- Development
- Innate reflex
- Acquired reflex
- Innate reflex
- Response
- Somatic reflex
- Visceral reflex
- Somatic reflex
- Compexity of circuit
- Monosynaptic
- Polysynaptic
- Monosynaptic
- Processing site
- spinal reflex
- Cranial reflex
- spinal reflex
- Development
- Mechanism
- Strange Reflexes
- Babinski reflex
- Snout reflex
- Glabellar reflex (Myerson's sign)
- Palomental reflex
- Clonus
- Babinski reflex
- A reflex is an
involuntary and
instantaneous
movement in
response to a
stimulus.
- Differentials of muscle weakness and wasting
- Differentials of Stiffness
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Spinal cord injury
- Stroke
- Meningitis
- Brain damage due to a lack of oxygen
- Encephalitis
- Phenylketonuria
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Differentials of Numbness
- PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
- vitamin B1 deficiency and B12 deficiency
- Multiple sclerosis
- Stroke
- Disorders of the brain and spinal cord
- Injuries
- Tumors
- Aneurysm
- Infection
- Syringomyelia
- Injuries
- PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
- Difference between neuropathy and myopathy
- Neurlogical Examination
- Dermatomes
- Neurological
Examination Of The
Upper Limb
- Assesses muscle tone
- pronator test
- Checks power
- Checks deep tendon reflexes: biceps, triceps, supinator, fingers.
- Joint position
Vibration sense
Light touch &
pin prick
- Coordination assessment
- Assesses muscle tone
- Neurological
Examination Of The
Lower Limb
- Assesses gait
- muscle tone
- Romberg’s test
- Checks power
- Checks deep tendon reflexes: knee, ankle, planter reflex.
- Joint position
Vibration sense
Light touch &
pin prick
- Coordination assessment
- Assesses gait
- Dermatomes
- Normal Gait
- major criteria
essential to
walking
- Equilibrium
- Locomotion
- Musculoskeletal Integrity
- Neurological Control
- Equilibrium
- gait cycle
- major criteria
essential to
walking
- Pathophysiology
of syringomyelia
- Syrinx acts as intramedullary mass. Redirected
CSF fills expanding central canal. Continual
movement of CSF builds pressure. Syrinx widens
& compresses nerve fibers. Resulting in pain,
weakness, and stiffness in back, shoulders, arms,
or legs. Each patient experiences a different
combination of symptoms depending on where
in spinal cord syrinx forms and how far it
expands.
- Syrinx acts as intramedullary mass. Redirected
CSF fills expanding central canal. Continual
movement of CSF builds pressure. Syrinx widens
& compresses nerve fibers. Resulting in pain,
weakness, and stiffness in back, shoulders, arms,
or legs. Each patient experiences a different
combination of symptoms depending on where
in spinal cord syrinx forms and how far it
expands.
- Signs and Symptoms
of syringomyelia
- Loss of pain
and
temperature
sensation
- Muscle wasting
and loss of reflexes
- Ptosis, miosis, and
anhidrosis
- Loss of pain
and
temperature
sensation
- Investigations
- MRI
- Myelogram
- MRI
- Management
of
syringomyelia
- Asymptomatic syringomyelia with
a small syrinx cavity and with no
clear etiology is best managed
with watchful waiting and
imaging examination.
- Posterior fossa decompression
- Percutaneous aspiration of the syrinx
- Syrinx shunt
- Resection of the tumor
- Asymptomatic syringomyelia with
a small syrinx cavity and with no
clear etiology is best managed
with watchful waiting and
imaging examination.
- Chiari malformations
- Abnormal gait
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