Geology-Mindmap

Geology-Mindmap

1. Igneous

   • Forming
     • Intrusive
       • Cooling of magma underground slowly
     • Extrusive
       • Cooling of Magma in the air outside of a volcano quickley
   • Features
     • Has Holes
   • Examples

2. Sedimentary

3. Metamorphic

   • Formed for Igneous or Sedimentary through heat or pressure

4. Crystals

   • Large
     • From over a long period of time
   • Small
     • Forming over a short period of time

5. Stratagraphic formations

   • Intrusions
     • Nonconformity
       • Where metamorphic rocks get piled with layers of sediment
     • Disconformity
       • Sequence of sedimentary rocks which form an intrusion over it with more sediments
     • Angular Unconformity
       • Where a tilted layer of sedimentary rock get piled with more sedimentary rocks
   • Inclusions
     • A solid, liquid or gaseous foriegn body enclosed in a mineral or rock
   • Faults
     • Transform Faults
       • When rocks move sideways along eachother
     • Normal Fault
       • Where rocks rubb against eachother up and down and away from eachother
     • Reverse Faults
       • Rubbed against each other diagonally

6. 7 Principles of Geology

   • 1- Principle of Uniformitarianism
     • Geological processes which have modified the crust now have woked in the same way over geological time
   • 2-Principle of Intrusive relationships
     • When an igneous rocks cuts into a formation of sedimentary rocks it (intrusion)can be determined that the intrusion is younger than the sedimentary rocks
   • 3- Principle of cross cutting relationships
     • Faults are younger than the rocks they cut
   • 4- Principle of inclusion and components
     • If Sedimentary inclusions are found in a formation it must be older than the formation that contains them
   • 5- Principle of original horizontality
     • States that deposition of sediments occour as horizontal beds
   • 6- The principle of superposition
     • States that a sedimentary layer of rock, in a tectonically undisturbed area is younger than the one beneath it
   • 7- The principle of faunal succession
     • Is based on the appearance of fossils in a sedimentary rocks, this can provide a relative age for the formation

7. Folding

   • Anticline
     • Rock folded up
   • Sincline
     • Rock folded down

Images and files in the map