Ahmed has tremors

Description

Mind Map on Ahmed has tremors, created by Safaa Fayiz on 21/10/2018.
Safaa Fayiz
Mind Map by Safaa Fayiz, updated more than 1 year ago
Safaa Fayiz
Created by Safaa Fayiz about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Ahmed has tremors
  1. Anatomy of Basal Ganglia
      1. Physiology of Basal Ganglia
        1. Parkinsonism
          1. Is a clinical “syndrome”, NOT a disease
            1. Clinical Features
            2. Include
              1. Parkinson Disease
                1. Definition
                  1. Degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia
                  2. Risk factors
                    1. Estrogen
                      1. Family History
                        1. male
                          1. Old age
                          2. Pathology of Parkinsion
                            1. PALLOR of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
                              1. LEWY BODIES (alpha-synuclein protein)
                              2. Signs & symptoms
                                1. Tremors
                                  1. Investigation
                                    1. Management
                                      1. Prognosis
                                        1. A period of 2 to 3 years when treatment with dopaminergic agents results in resolution of symptoms.
                                          1. After 5 years of levodopa treatment, motor complications develop.
                                            1. Eventually, after a number of years, the emergence of symptoms such as freezing, falling, and dementia, which do not respond to levodopa, cause significant disability.
                                          2. Causes
                                            1. Genetic causes such as lack of GSTTT1 and the presence of LRRK2
                                              1. Environmental factors like Pesticides (paraquat)
                                            2. drug-induced parkinsonism
                                              1. where symptoms develop after taking certain medications, such as some types of antipsychotic medication, and usually improve once the medication is stopped
                                              2. progressive brain conditions
                                                1. progressive supranuclear palsy
                                                  1. multiple systems atrophy
                                                    1. corticobasal degeneration
                                                    2. cerebrovascular disease
                                                      1. where a series of small strokes cause several parts of the brain to die
                                                  2. Health seeking
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