16316570
Description
Mind Map by Abby Dance, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Abby Dance
over 5 years ago
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Skeletal and Muscular system
- Main roles of the Skeletal System
- Protection to internal organs
- Framework for the body
- Ligament
- Tough band of slightly elastic connective
tissues-Connects bone to bone and
stablises joints during movement
- Synovial Fluid
- Lubricating liquid in joint cavities-Reduces
friction
- Articular Cartilage
- Smooth tissue which covers articulating
bones-absorbs shock
- Joint Capsule
- Joint sac in inner synovial membrane it
encloses and strengthens the joint
- Bursa
- Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub
bones-Reduces friction between tendon and bone
- Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub
bones-Reduces friction between tendon and bone
- Joint sac in inner synovial membrane it
encloses and strengthens the joint
- Smooth tissue which covers articulating
bones-absorbs shock
- Lubricating liquid in joint cavities-Reduces
friction
- Tough band of slightly elastic connective
tissues-Connects bone to bone and
stablises joints during movement
- Ligament
- Crucial for movement
- Protection to internal organs
- Joint size and shape of
articulating bones will allow a
specific range of movement at
a joint
- Large range-Ball and Socket joint
- Smaller range-Hinge joint
- Smaller range-Hinge joint
- Large range-Ball and Socket joint
- Planes of movement
- Sagittal plane lies vertically-Divides the body Left to Right
- Frontal plane lies vertically-Divides front and back
- Transeverse planelies horizontally-Divides upper and lower
- Horizontal extension
- Horizontal flexion
- Rotation
- Horizontal extension
- Abduction-away from midline
- Adduction-closer to midline
- Transeverse planelies horizontally-Divides upper and lower
- Flexion-Decreases joint angle
- Extension-Increases joint angle
- Dorsi Flexion-toes up
- Plantar Flexion-toes down
- Frontal plane lies vertically-Divides front and back
- Sagittal plane lies vertically-Divides the body Left to Right
- Types of joints
- Hinge Joint-Elbow
- Pivot Joint-Radio-Ulnar
- Condyloid Joint-Wrist
- Gliding Joint-Spin
- Ball and Socket-Shoulder
- Hinge Joint-Elbow
- Origin-the point the muscle
attaches to a stationary bone
- Insertion-the point muscle
attaches to a moveable bone
which gets closer to origin as
the muscle contracts
- Insertion-the point muscle
attaches to a moveable bone
which gets closer to origin as
the muscle contracts
- Muscles never work alone they always
work in pairs-Antagonistic Pairs
- Agonist-creates movement at a
joint-Prime mover
- Antagonist-opposes the agonist providing a resistance
- Fixator-a muscle that stabilises one
part of the body while another part
moves
- Fixator-a muscle that stabilises one
part of the body while another part
moves
- Antagonist-opposes the agonist providing a resistance
- Agonist-creates movement at a
joint-Prime mover
- Example of a
antagonistic pairs
- Flexion at the wrist
- Agonist-Wrist flexors
- Antagonist-Wrist extensors
- Agonist-Wrist flexors
- Flexion at the wrist
- Isotonic contractions-when
a muscle changes length
- Concentric-muscle shortens producing
tension.This creates a force to pull two
bones closer together causing movement
- Eccentric-when muscle
lengthens producing
tension.This resists force
- Isometric contraction-when a muscle
contracts without changing shape
- Concentric-muscle shortens producing
tension.This creates a force to pull two
bones closer together causing movement
- Movement Analysis-assesing the
movement of a athlete in a sport.What
to consider in a exam question
- Joint type
- Articulating bones
- Movement pattern
- Agonist muscle
- Antagonistic muscle
- Contraction type
- Joint type
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