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2060294
The Restless Earth
Description
Mind Map on The Restless Earth, created by 10jgorman on 18/02/2015.
No tags specified
geography
gsce
aqa
the restless earth
earthquake
volcano
montserrat
supervolcano
destructive
constructive
conservative
margins
plate boundaries
Mind Map by
10jgorman
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
10jgorman
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
The Restless Earth
Plate Margins
Destructive
Plates move towards each other.
Oceanic crust forces underneath continental crust.
This is called 'subduction' and it occurs are a 'subduction zone.'
Oceanic melts into the mantle.
As the crusts rub against each other they cause friction.
Rock is destroyed.
Collision Zone
Two continental plates collide.
Neither is forced under so they're forced uupwards.
Constructive
Plates move away from each other.
Happens between two pieces of continental crust.
As they move apart due to the convection currents in the mantle, the gap is filled by magma.
Magma then cools and solidifies.
Can lead to the creation of ocean ridges.
Conservative
Plates slide past each other.
- At different speeds in the same direction.
or - In opposite directions.
Plates often get stuck, building up pressure that often causes powerful earthquakes.
No rock is created or destroyed.
Landforms
Fold Mountains
Occur at collision boundaries
See notes page for formation and uses.
Attachments:
Fold Mountains
Ocean Trenches
Occur at destructive boundary at the subduction zone.
Often near fold mountains.
Widely found in the Pacific Ocean.
Supervolcanoes
Capacity to erupt x100 more material than normal volcano.
Flat and wide.
Often found under the ocean.
Has a caldera instead of a crater.
Depression in the top.
Volcanoes
Composite
Alternating layers of lava and ash.
Usually found at destructive boundaries.
May erupt pyroclastic flow instead of regular lava flow.
Tall and steep.
Formed by thick, viscous lava.
Shield
Low, gentle sloping.
Usually found at constructive boundaries.
Frequent but gentle eruptions.
Formed by thin, runny lava.
Vents
Main - main place for magma to escape.
Secondary - this vent opens in the first becomes blocked.
Can be:
Dormant - temporarily inactive
Extinct - Never likely to erupt again.
Active - erupts frequently.
Earthquakes
Can happen at any boundary, most common at conservative.
Focus - point under the earth where the pressure is released.
Epicentre - directly above focus on surface of the Earth.
Seismic Waves - release of the energy.
Richter Scale
Uses information collected by seismometers which collect information on the amount of movement and the strength of the shock waves.
0 - Infinity
No upper limit.
10 fold. Each number on the scale is x10 more powerful than the previous.
eg. 2 is x10 more powerful than 1.
Mercalli Scale
Measures earthquake by damage.
1-12 / I-XII
1 - barely felt. 12 - total destruction.
Can be represented as pictures/diagrams.
Effects
Attachments:
Effects of Natural Disaster
Aftershocks can cause more damage.
Response
Tsunami
The entire depth of the sea is set in motion by an event, displacing the water above it and creating a wave.
One plate is dragged under another, stress on the boundary causes the edges to flex and deform.
The plates flex back into their original place, displacing all the water above.
Crusts
Oceanic
5-10km thick.
More dense.
Continental
25-100km thick.
Less dense.
Media attachments
b24cf311-64b6-42ac-b81b-958982b8eb5e (image/jpg)
142188ba-77b7-40d6-a1a0-0f653daaeecf (image/jpg)
8a3ad917-f93e-495d-bf8b-370965a38022 (image/jpg)
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