Crossing of land bridge between Siberia
and Alaska
Santa Isabel Iztapan - bones from at least 8 mammoths
found with chipped stone artifacts
Temporary camps, low population density
Clovis - Hunting mega-fauna
Folsom - Hunting smaller, modern animals
Tequixquiac (Hidalgo, Mexico) - organic remain with
manmade modifications
Megafauna extinctions - hypotheses; humans are to blame, or climate
is to blame
Archaic
7000BC-1800BC
Domestication of food plants
Maize, Beans, Squash
Mobility decreases
Guila Naquitz, used as seasonal camp
Tehuacan Valley, transformation from foraging to village farming
Gourds = first Meso domesticate
EVIDENCE OF CHANGE: -Stratigraphy (repeated evidence of occupation of same site over a
period of time) (for example, cooking evidence, changing tool types such as ground stone
(mano y metate), projectile points, and basketry and wood)
Pre-Classic
1800 BC - 150 AD
Appearence of civic-ceremonial
architecture such as ball courts
and elite residences
THE OLMEC
Pasa de la Amada (Chiapas)
Monte Alban
Classic
Urban planning, grids, population
increase
Teotihuacan
Step pyramids - Tikal,
Palenque
AD 300 - 950
Post-Classic
AD 950-1521
Chichen Itza - Maya
Tenochtitlan - Aztecs
KEY MESOAMERICAN FEATURES
Ritual 260-day calendar and 365-day agricultural
calendar, cyclical passage of time, maya had
THREE calendars including Long Count
Stepped Pyramids
The Ballgame
No use of wheel/draft animals
Obsidian tools/weapons
Maize, Beans, Squash, Peppers, Tomatos, Cacao
ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURE
Population Pressure
Sedentism -> accumulation of stuff and people
More reliable food source = need more people
More people = more mouths to feed
Prestige Model
The knowledge of how to grow a
plant domesticating brings people
and groups prestige
Risk Reduction
Unreliability of the natural
environment to give you enough food.
agriculture reduces risk of your group
going hungry