Week 1 - Basics of Mesoamerica

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Week 1 of notes, put to a picture bruv
Caitlin Mongon
Mind Map by Caitlin Mongon, updated more than 1 year ago
Caitlin Mongon
Created by Caitlin Mongon over 4 years ago
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Week 1 - Basics of Mesoamerica
  1. TIME PERIODS
    1. Paleoindian
      1. ????-Ended 7000 BC
        1. Crossing of land bridge between Siberia and Alaska
          1. Santa Isabel Iztapan - bones from at least 8 mammoths found with chipped stone artifacts
            1. Temporary camps, low population density
              1. Clovis - Hunting mega-fauna
                1. Folsom - Hunting smaller, modern animals
                  1. Tequixquiac (Hidalgo, Mexico) - organic remain with manmade modifications
                    1. Megafauna extinctions - hypotheses; humans are to blame, or climate is to blame
      2. Archaic
        1. 7000BC-1800BC
          1. Domestication of food plants
            1. Maize, Beans, Squash
              1. Mobility decreases
                1. Guila Naquitz, used as seasonal camp
                  1. Tehuacan Valley, transformation from foraging to village farming
                    1. Gourds = first Meso domesticate
                      1. EVIDENCE OF CHANGE: -Stratigraphy (repeated evidence of occupation of same site over a period of time) (for example, cooking evidence, changing tool types such as ground stone (mano y metate), projectile points, and basketry and wood)
        2. Pre-Classic
          1. 1800 BC - 150 AD
            1. Appearence of civic-ceremonial architecture such as ball courts and elite residences
              1. THE OLMEC
                1. Pasa de la Amada (Chiapas)
                  1. Monte Alban
          2. Classic
            1. Urban planning, grids, population increase
              1. Teotihuacan
                1. Step pyramids - Tikal, Palenque
              2. AD 300 - 950
              3. Post-Classic
                1. AD 950-1521
                  1. Chichen Itza - Maya
                    1. Tenochtitlan - Aztecs
              4. KEY MESOAMERICAN FEATURES
                1. Ritual 260-day calendar and 365-day agricultural calendar, cyclical passage of time, maya had THREE calendars including Long Count
                  1. Stepped Pyramids
                    1. The Ballgame
                      1. No use of wheel/draft animals
                        1. Obsidian tools/weapons
                          1. Maize, Beans, Squash, Peppers, Tomatos, Cacao
                          2. ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURE
                            1. Population Pressure
                              1. Sedentism -> accumulation of stuff and people
                                1. More reliable food source = need more people
                                  1. More people = more mouths to feed
                              2. Prestige Model
                                1. The knowledge of how to grow a plant domesticating brings people and groups prestige
                                2. Risk Reduction
                                  1. Unreliability of the natural environment to give you enough food.
                                    1. agriculture reduces risk of your group going hungry
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